WordNet
- any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 抗体,免疫体,抗毒素
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/11 01:21:10」(JST)
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Neutralizing Antibody
Standard antibody representation. |
| Properties |
| Protein Type |
Immunoglobin |
| Function |
Neutralization of Antigens |
| Production |
White B-cells[1][2] |
|
|
A Neutralizing antibody, or NAb is an antibody which defends a cell from an antigen or infectious body by inhibiting or neutralizing any effect it has biologically.[3] An example of a neutralizing antibody is diphtheria antitoxin, which can neutralize the biological effects of diphtheria toxin.[4]
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Contents
- 1 Neutralization Method
- 2 Modern testing
- 2.1 Pharmaceutical Problems
- 3 References
- 4 External links
|
Neutralization Method[edit]
Most antibodies work by binding to an antigen, signaling to a white blood cell that this antigen has been targeted, after which the antigen is processed and consequently destroyed. The difference between neutralizing antibodies and binding antibodies is that neutralizing antibodies neutralize the biological effects of the antigen, while binding antibodies flag antigens.[5] This difference can be shown with IFN-beta;
"Antibodies can simply bind to IFN-beta or glatiramer acetate (binding Ab, or BAb) with no subsequent effect on function, or they can block or neutralize (neutralizing Ab, or NAb) their biological activity." --Mark S. Freedman, MD, MSc
This difference is what gives neutralizing antibodies the ability to fight viruses which attack the immune system, since they can neutralize function without a need for white blood cells (excluding production)[5]
Modern testing[edit]
Neutralizing antibodies have shown potential in the treatment of retroviral infections. Medical professionals and researchers have shown how the encoding of genes which influence the production of this particular type of antibody could help in the treatment of infections which attack the immune system. Professionals in the field have used HIV treatment as an example of infections these antibodies can treat.[6] Recently, potent and broadly neutralizing human antibodies against influenza (such as CR6261), HIV and hepatitis C have been reported, and have suggested possible strategies to generate an improved vaccine that would confer long-lasting immunity. Another disease which has been linked to the production of neutralizing antibodies is multiple sclerosis.[2] The use of medicines which modify diseases is nothing new, used in regulation for multiple sclerosis since 1998 when the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Consensus Statement recommended their use. [2]
Promise in Medicine
| Disease |
Promise |
Used? |
| Multiple Sclerosis |
There is some promise but there have been issues with Pharmaceuticals |
Yes |
| HIV |
Research has shown that NAb's may be able to block viral receptors |
No |
Pharmaceutical Problems[edit]
Although this type of antibody has the ability to fight retroviral infections, in some cases it attacks pharmaceuticals administered to the body which would otherwise treat multiple sclerosis. Recombinant protein drugs, especially those derived from animals, are commonly targeted by neutralizing antibodies. A few examples are Rebif, Betaseron and Avonex.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ "Deliberate removal of T cell help improves virus-neutralizing antibody production". Nature.com. 8 August 2004. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
- ^ a b c d Stachowiak, Julie (August 15, 2008). Julia Stachowiak "Neutralizing Antibodies and Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis". About.com. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ "Neutralising antibody". Biology-Online. 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
- ^ "AssessScience". McGraw-Hill. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
- ^ a b Freedman, Mark S. (August 30, 2003). "The Role of Neutralizing Antibodies in MS Treatments". Medscape. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ Satiago, Mario L.; Mauricio Montano, Robert Benitez, Ronald J. Messer, at al. (2008). "Apobec3 Encodes Rfv3, a Gene Influencing Neutralizing Antibody Control of Retrovirus Infection". Science Magazine (AAAS). Retrieved 2009-07-04.
External links[edit]
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Structural characterization of viral epitopes recognized by broadly cross-reactive antibodies.
- Lee PS1, Wilson IA.
- Current topics in microbiology and immunology.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol.2015;386:323-41. doi: 10.1007/82_2014_413.
- Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the major surface glycoprotein on influenza viruses and mediates viral attachment and subsequent fusion with host cells. The HA is the major target of the immune response, but due to its high level of variability, as evidenced by substantial antigenic diversity, it ha
- PMID 25037260
- Advances in universal influenza virus vaccine design and antibody mediated therapies based on conserved regions of the hemagglutinin.
- Krammer F1, Palese P, Steel J.
- Current topics in microbiology and immunology.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol.2015;386:301-21. doi: 10.1007/82_2014_408.
- The threat of novel influenza viruses emerging into the human population from animal reservoirs, as well as the short duration of protection conferred by licensed vaccines against human seasonal strains has spurred research efforts to improve upon current vaccines and develop novel therapeutics agai
- PMID 25007847
- Memory CD4 T cells in influenza.
- Zens KD1, Farber DL.
- Current topics in microbiology and immunology.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol.2015;386:399-421. doi: 10.1007/82_2014_401.
- Influenza A virus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among young children and the elderly. Current vaccines induce neutralizing antibody responses directed toward highly variable viral surface proteins, resulting in limited heterosubtypic protection to new vira
- PMID 25005927
Japanese Journal
- Blood Group Antigen Targeting Peptide Suppresses Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Renal Glomerular Capillaries after ABO-Incompatible Blood Reperfusion
- Yoneyama Tohru,Hatakeyama Shingo,Yamamoto Hayato,Imanishi Kengo,Okamoto Teppei,Tokui Noriko,Sugiyama Naoki,Suzuki Yuichiro,Kudo Shigemasa,Yoneyama Takahiro,Hashimoto Yasuhiro,Koie Takuya,Kamimura Noritaka,Fukuda Michiko N.,Ohyama Chikara
- 弘前医学 64(Supplement), S121-S128, 2013-04-02
- … Antibody-mediated rejection （AMR） after ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation （ABO-I KTx） is a major barrier to the success of transplantation. … To reduce the immunosuppression we try to develop the blood group antigen-neutralizing therapy.Methods. … This approach may enable the development of novel blood group antigen neutralizing therapy to overcome the challenges of ABO-I KTx. …
- NAID 120005230063
- Nanoparticulated heat-stable (STa) and heat-labile B subunit (LTB) recombinant toxin improves vaccine protection against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge in mouse(GENETICS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE ENGINEERING)
- Deng Guangcun,Zeng Jin,Jian Minjie,Liu Wenmiao,Zhang Zhong,Liu Xiaoming,Wang Yujiong
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 115(2), 147-153, 2013-02-00
- … Antigen-specific antibody responses against STa-LTB and STa in the sera and the intestinal mucus respectively were used to test the immunogenicity of the nanovaccine. … This vaccine was further screened in mice by its ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies against STa and protect animals from the challenge with ETEC in mice. …
- NAID 110009592562
- CRF01_AE-Specific Neutralizing Activity Observed in Plasma Derived from HIV-1-Infected Thai Patients Residing in Northern Thailand: Comparison of Neutralizing Breadth and Potency between Plasma Derived from Rapid and Slow Progressors
- Sapsutthipas Sompong,Tsuchiya Naho,Pathipavanich Panita,Ariyoshi Koya,Sawanpanyalert Pathom,Takeda Naokazu,Isarangkura-na-ayuthaya Panasda,Kameoka Masanori
- PLoS ONE 8(1), e53920, 2013-01-07
- … Potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies are found in the plasma of some HIV-1-infected patients, whereas such antibody responses have failed to be induced by currently used vaccine antigens. … As part of such studies, we examined the correlation between the anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibody response and disease progression. …
- NAID 120005230565
Related Links
- Biogen is pleased the FDA has reviewed these new clinical data and determined that the neutralizing antibody rate with AVONEX is notably lower than the rate reported from our first Phase III clinical trial," said Burt Adelman, M.
- neutralizing antibody neu·tral·iz·ing antibody (nōō'trə-lī'zĭng, nyōō'-) n. An antibody that reacts with an infectious agent, usually a virus, and destroys or inhibits its infectiveness and virulence.
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- neutralizing antibody
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