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poisonous to nerves or nerve cells

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/07 21:22:29」(JST)

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A neurotropic virus is a virus that is capable of infecting nerve cells.^[1]

Terminology

A neurotropic virus is said to be neuroinvasive if it is capable of accessing or entering the nervous system and neurovirulent if it is capable of causing disease within the nervous system. Both terms are often applied to central nervous system infections, although some neurotropic viruses are highly neuroinvasive for the peripheral nervous system (i.e. herpes simplex virus). Important neuroinvasive viruses include poliovirus, which is highly neurovirulent but weakly neuroinvasive, and rabies virus, which is highly neurovirulent but requires tissue trauma (often resulting from an animal bite) to become neuroinvasive. Using these definitions, herpes simplex virus is highly neuroinvasive for the peripheral nervous system and rarely neuroinvasive for the central nervous system, but in the latter case may cause herpesviral encephalitis and is therefore considered highly neurovirulent. Many arthropod-borne neurotropic viruses, like West Nile virus, spread to the brain primarily via the blood system by crossing the blood-brain barrier in what is called hematogenous dissemination.

Examples

Neurotropic viruses that cause acute infection include Japanese Encephalitis, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, and California encephalitis viruses; polio, coxsackie, echo, mumps, measles, influenza and rabies, as well as diseases caused by members of the family Herpesviridae such as herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalo, and HHV-6 viruses.^[2]

Those causing latent infection include herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. Those causing slow virus infection include measles virus, rubella and JC viruses, and retroviruses such as human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and human immunodeficiency virus.

Research use

Neurotropic viruses are increasingly being exploited as research tools, and for their potential use in treatment. In particular, they are being used to improve the understanding of the nervous systems circuits.^[3]^[4]

Other neurotropic infections

Several diseases, including transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Kuru, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease resemble a slow neurotropic virus infection—but are, in fact, caused by the infectious proteins known as prions.^[5]

References

^ Word Reference: Neurotropic
^ Hotta H. (Apr 1997). "[Neurotropic viruses--classification, structure and characteristics].". Nihon Rinsho 55 (4): 777–82. PMID 9103870.
^ Advances in Virus Research, Volume 55, Karl Maramorosch
^ Neurovirological methods and their applications, P G E Kennedy
^ Hotta H. (Apr 1997). "[Neurotropic viruses--classification, structure and characteristics].". Nihon Rinsho 55 (4): 777–82. PMID 9103870.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Quantifying low-frequency revertants in oral poliovirus vaccine using next generation sequencing.

Sarcey E1, Serres A2, Tindy F3, Chareyre A4, Ng S5, Nicolas M6, Vetter E7, Bonnevay T8, Abachin E9, Mallet L10.
Journal of virological methods.J Virol Methods.2017 Aug;246:75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.04.016. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
PMID 28456668

The P gene of rodent brain-adapted measles virus plays a critical role in neurovirulence.

Arai T1, Terao-Muto Y1, Uchida S1, Lin C1, Honda T1, Takenaka A1, Ikeda F1, Sato H1, Yoneda M1, Kai C1.
The Journal of general virology.J Gen Virol.2017 Jul 15. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000842. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 28708054

What Kaplan-Meier survival curves don't tell us about CNS disease.

Miller KD1, Rall GF2.
Journal of neuroimmunology.J Neuroimmunol.2017 Jul 15;308:25-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.020. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
PMID 28187911

Japanese Journal

悪性グリオーマに対するウイルス療法

伊藤元一,藤堂具紀
脳神経外科ジャーナル = Japanese journal of neurosurgery 22(8), 613-618, 2013-08-20
腫瘍細胞のみで増殖し, 腫瘍細胞のみを死滅させる単純ヘルペスウイルスI型 (herpes simplex virus type 1 : HSV-1) を用いたウイルス療法は, 次世代のがん治療法として期待される. 第二世代がん治療用ウイルス (G207) は, 米国で悪性グリオーマを対象に第I相臨床試験が行われ, 脳腫瘍内投与の安全性が確認された. G207の安全性を維持しつつ, 腫瘍細胞におけ …
NAID 10031178585

Susceptibility to flavivirus-specific antiviral response of Oas1b affects the neurovirulence of the Far-Eastern subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus

Yoshii Kentaro,Moritoh Kanako,Nagata Noriyo,Yokozawa Kana,Sakai Mizuki,Sasaki Nobuya,Kariwa Hiroaki,Agui Takashi,Takashima Ikuo
Archives of Virology 158(5), 1039-1046, 2013-05
… These data indicate that the different susceptibility to the antiviral activity of Oas1b resulted in a difference in neurovirulence in the two TBEV strains. …
NAID 120005356861

Characterization of DNA Polymerase-Associated Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Mutations, Sensitivity to Antiviral Compounds, Neurovirulence, and In-Vivo Sensitivity to Treatment

Wang Li-Xin,Takayama-Ito Mutsuyo,Kinoshita-Yamaguchi Hitomi [他],Kakiuchi Satsuki,Suzutani Tatsuo,Nakamichi Kazuo,Lim Chang-Kweng,Kurane Ichiro,Saijo Masayuki
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 66(5), 404-410, 2013
… The sensitivity of the mutants to other antivirals and their neurovirulence were determined. … The ACVr clone with an N815S mutation in DNApol showed similar neurovirulence to that of the parent virus; …
NAID 130003381717