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an affinity for neural tissues
(of a virus, toxin, or chemical) tending to attack or affect the nervous system preferentially

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/23 19:00:21」(JST)

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A neurotropic virus is a virus which is capable of infecting nerve cells,^[1] or which does so preferentially. Such viruses thereby largely evade the usual immune response—which acts only within the blood system.

Terminology [edit]

A disease agent is said to be neuroinvasive if it is capable of entering or infecting the central nervous system, and neurovirulent if it is capable of causing disease within the nervous system. The most common neuroinvasive viruses are rabies, which has both high neuroinvasiveness and high neurovirulence, and herpes simplex virus, which has low neuroinvasiveness and high neurovirulence. Others, like poliovirus, can spread neurally, but primarily spread by via the blood system in what is called hematogenous dissemination.

Examples [edit]

Neurotropic viruses that cause acute infection include Japanese Encephalitis, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, and California encephalitis viruses; polio, coxsackie, echo, mumps, measles, influenza,^{[citation needed]} and rabies as well as diseases caused by members of the family Herpesviridae such as herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, cytomegalo, HHV-6, and Epstein-Barr viruses.^[2]

Those causing latent infection include herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. Those causing slow virus infection include measles, rubella and JC viruses, and retroviruses such as human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and human immunodeficiency virus.

Research use [edit]

Neurotropic viruses are increasingly being exploited as research tools, and for their potential use in treatment. In particular they are being used to improve the understanding of the nervous systems circuits^[3]^[4]

Other neurotropic infections [edit]

Several diseases, including transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease resemble a slow neurotropic virus infection—but are in fact caused by the infectious proteins known as prions.^{[citation needed]}

References [edit]

^ Word Reference: Neurotropic
^ "Neurotropic viruses--classification, structure and characteristics", Hotta H. (abstract via PubMed)
^ Advances in Virus Research, Volume 55, Karl Maramorosch
^ Neurovirological methods and their applications, P G E Kennedy

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UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Postencephalitic parkinsonism and selective involvement of substantia nigra in childhood.

Rebai I1, Ben Rhouma H2, Kraoua I2, Klaa H2, Rouissi A2, Ben Youssef-Turki I2, Gouider-Khouja N2.Author information 1Research Unit 06/11 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia. Electronic address: ibtihelrebai@yahoo.fr.2Research Unit 06/11 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia.AbstractParkinsonism is a rare complication of encephalitis in childhood. Association to an isolated involvement of substantia nigra is exceptional. Mechanisms of nigral cells neurotropism remain hypothetic. We report on three children presenting with postencephalitic parkinsonism and selective involvement of substantia nigra, with literature review and we discuss pathogenic mechanisms.
Brain & development.Brain Dev.2014 Apr 15. pii: S0387-7604(14)00086-2. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.03.009. [Epub ahead of print]
Parkinsonism is a rare complication of encephalitis in childhood. Association to an isolated involvement of substantia nigra is exceptional. Mechanisms of nigral cells neurotropism remain hypothetic. We report on three children presenting with postencephalitic parkinsonism and selective involvement
PMID 24745788

Update on enterovirus 71 infection.

Huang PN1, Shih SR2.Author information 1Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC.2Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC; Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: srshih@mail.cgu.edu.tw.AbstractHuman enterovirus type 71 (EV71) has emerged as a major cause of viral encephalitis in children worldwide. The identified EV71 receptors provide useful information for understanding EV71replication and tissue tropism. Host factors interact with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of EV71 to regulate viral translation. However, the specific molecular features of the EV71 genome that determine virulence remain unclear. The EV71 capsid protein VP1 region might contribute to virulence and neurotropism. Transgenic mice expressing the EV71 receptor that were infected with the virus exhibited a disease similar to that observed in infected humans. Antiviral drug and vaccine development is urgently required to prevent EV71 epidemics. Delineating viral host interactions and identifying specific mechanisms that might control the neural tropism of EV71 pathogenesis would be substantial advances.
Current opinion in virology.Curr Opin Virol.2014 Apr 9;5C:98-104. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.03.007. [Epub ahead of print]
Human enterovirus type 71 (EV71) has emerged as a major cause of viral encephalitis in children worldwide. The identified EV71 receptors provide useful information for understanding EV71replication and tissue tropism. Host factors interact with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of EV71 to regu
PMID 24727707

[Primary eccrine porocarcinoma: A clinicopathological study of 50 cases].

Skowron F1, Poulhalon N2, Balme B3, Touzet S4, Thomas L2.Author information 1Service de dermatologie, 179, boulevard Maréchal-Juin, 26000 Valence, France. Electronic address: skowron.francois@wanadoo.fr.2Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud (Pierre-Bénite), université Lyon 1, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France.3Service d'anatomie pathologique, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud (Pierre-Bénite), 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France.4Département d'information médicale, hospices Civils de Lyon, avenue Lacassagne, 69424 Lyon cedex 03, France.AbstractBACKGROUND: Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare cutaneous tumor arising from the intra-epidermal portion of eccrine sweat glands, the acrosyringium. Histoprognostic studies in large series are rare. Herein, we report a retrospective study of 50 cases.
Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie.Ann Dermatol Venereol.2014 Apr;141(4):258-64. doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2013.10.047. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
BACKGROUND: Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare cutaneous tumor arising from the intra-epidermal portion of eccrine sweat glands, the acrosyringium. Histoprognostic studies in large series are rare. Herein, we report a retrospective study of 50 cases.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of porocarcinoma we
PMID 24703639

Japanese Journal

The Involvement of Aldose Reductase in Alterations to Neurotrophin Receptors and Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein mRNA Levels in the Dorsal Root Ganglion of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Shimoshige Yukinori,Enomoto Ryugo,Aoki Toshiaki [他],Matsuoka Nobuya,Kaneko Shuji
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 33(1), 67-71, 2010
… These data suggest that hyperactivation of the polyol pathway induces a deficit in neurotropism on peripheral sensory diabetic neuropathy. …
NAID 130000140194

神経向性悪性黒色腫の2例

神野千鶴,黒川正人,諸岡久香,中西新,行岡直哉
Skin cancer : official organ of the Japanese Society for Skin Cancer = 皮膚悪性腫瘍研究会機関誌 22(3), 277-281, 2008-03-25
Neurotropic melanoma is a rare tumor which invades and extends along nerves, either in the penneural space or in the endoneurium. Neurotropic melanoma also overlaps with dermal tumors that we regard a …
NAID 10022601461