WordNet

(of a virus, toxin, or chemical) tending to attack or affect the nervous system preferentially
an affinity for neural tissues

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/01 02:13:20」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

A neurotropic virus is a virus that is capable of infecting nerve cells.^[1]

Terminology

A neurotropic virus is said to be neuroinvasive if it is capable of accessing or entering the nervous system and neurovirulent if it is capable of causing disease within the nervous system. Both terms are often applied to central nervous system infections, although some neurotropic viruses are highly neuroinvasive for the peripheral nervous system (i.e. herpes simplex virus). Important neuroinvasive viruses include poliovirus, which is highly neurovirulent but weakly neuroinvasive, and rabies virus, which is highly neurovirulent but requires tissue trauma (often resulting from an animal bite) to become neuroinvasive. Using these definitions, herpes simplex virus is highly neuroinvasive for the peripheral nervous system and rarely neuroinvasive for the central nervous system, but in the latter case may cause herpesviral encephalitis and is therefore considered highly neurovirulent. Many arthropod-borne neurotropic viruses, like West Nile virus, spread to the brain primarily via the blood system by crossing the blood-brain barrier in what is called hematogenous dissemination.

Examples

Neurotropic viruses that cause acute infection include Japanese Encephalitis, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, and California encephalitis viruses; polio, coxsackie, echo, mumps, measles, influenza and rabies, as well as diseases caused by members of the family Herpesviridae such as herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalo, and HHV-6 viruses.^[2]

Those causing latent infection include herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. Those causing slow virus infection include measles virus, rubella and JC viruses, and retroviruses such as human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and human immunodeficiency virus.

Research use

Neurotropic viruses are increasingly being exploited as research tools, and for their potential use in treatment. In particular, they are being used to improve the understanding of the nervous systems circuits.^[3]^[4]

Other neurotropic infections

Several diseases, including transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Kuru, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease resemble a slow neurotropic virus infection—but are, in fact, caused by the infectious proteins known as prions.^[5]

References

^ Word Reference: Neurotropic
^ Hotta H. (Apr 1997). "[Neurotropic viruses--classification, structure and characteristics].". Nihon Rinsho 55 (4): 777–82. PMID 9103870.
^ Advances in Virus Research, Volume 55, Karl Maramorosch
^ Neurovirological methods and their applications, P G E Kennedy
^ Hotta H. (Apr 1997). "[Neurotropic viruses--classification, structure and characteristics].". Nihon Rinsho 55 (4): 777–82. PMID 9103870.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 黄熱 yellow fever
2. 皮膚および稀な部位の黒色腫（メラノーマ）の初期の外科的マネージメント initial surgical management of melanoma of the skin and unusual sites
3. 好酸球性髄膜炎 eosinophilic meningitis
4. 黒色腫（メラノーマ）のマネージメントにおける放射線療法 radiation therapy in the management of melanoma
5. 水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス感染症の疫学および病因：帯状疱疹 epidemiology and pathogenesis of varicella zoster virus infection herpes zoster

English Journal

A nonrandomized controlled clinical pilot trial on 8 wk of intermittent fasting (24 h/wk).

Kessler CS1, Stange R2, Schlenkermann M3, Jeitler M4, Michalsen A4, Selle A5, Raucci F6, Steckhan N3.
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).Nutrition.2018 Feb;46:143-152.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
PMID 29031771

Protective effect of an alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist against enterovirus 71 infection in neuronal cells.

Song FX1, Zhao LQ2, Zhu RN2, Song QW2, Deng J2, Tian R2, Wang F2, Qian Y3.
Antiviral research.Antiviral Res.2018 Jan;149:106-112. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.007. Epub 2017 Oct 10.
PMID 29024766

Influence of long-term equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection on primary murine neurons-the possible effects of the multiple passages of EHV-1 on its neurovirulence.

Cymerys J1, Słońska A2, Tucholska A2, Golke A2, Chmielewska A2, Bańbura MW2.
Folia microbiologica.Folia Microbiol (Praha).2018 Jan;63(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12223-017-0528-5. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
PMID 28409422