WordNet

be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
an independent variable in statistics
anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/27 04:23:42」(JST)

wiki en

Neurotrophic factors, sometimes abbreviated NTFs, are a family of proteins that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of both developing and mature neurons.^[1]^[2] NTFs exert their trophic effects on neurons by signaling through tyrosine kinases,^[1] usually a receptor tyrosine kinase. Recent research has shown that neurotrophic factors promote the initial growth and development of neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system and that they are capable of regrowing damaged neurons in test tubes and animal models.^[3] Neurotrophic factors are often released by the target tissue in order to guide the growth of developing axons. Most neurotrophic factors belong to one of three families: (1) neurotrophins, (2) glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor family ligands (GFLs), and (3) neuropoietic cytokines.^[3] Each family has its own distinct signaling family though the cellular responses elicited often do overlap.^[3]

Currently, neurotrophic factors are being intensely studied for use in bioartificial nerve conduits because they are necessary in vivo for directing axon growth and regeneration. In studies, neurotrophic factors are normally used in conjunction with other techniques such as biological and physical cues created by the addition of cells and specific topographies. The neurotrophic factors may or may not be immobilized to the scaffold structure, though immobilization is preferred because it allows for the creation of permanent, controllable gradients. In some cases, such as neural drug delivery systems, they are loosely immobilized such that they can be selectively released at specified times and in specified amounts.

List of neurotrophic factors

References

^ ^a ^b Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 8: Atypical Neurotransmitters". In Sydor A, Brown RY. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 199, 215. ISBN 9780071481274. Neurotrophic factors are polypeptides or small proteins that support the growth, differentiation, and survival of neurons. They produce their effects by activation of tyrosine kinases.
^ Zigmond MJ, Cameron JL, Hoffer BJ, Smeyne RJ (2012). "Neurorestoration by physical exercise: moving forward". Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 18 Suppl 1: S147–50. doi:10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70046-3. PMID 22166417. As will be discussed below, exercise stimulates the expression of several neurotrophic factors (NTFs).
^ ^a ^b ^c Deister, C. and C.E. Schmidt, Optimizing neurotrophic factor combinations for neurite outgrowth. Journal of Neural Engineering, 2006. 3: p. 172-179.

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English Journal

Do different reperfusion methods affect the outcomes of stroke induced by MCAO in adult rats?

Zuo XL1, Deng HL2, Wu P2, Xu E1.
The International journal of neuroscience.Int J Neurosci.2016 Sep;126(9):850-5. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1074903. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
There are two patterns of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models used in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) I/R models, which differ in the use of unilateral or bilateral carotid artery reperfusion. The primary difference between the two patterns of I/R models is the complexity of the surgery pr
PMID 26268737

Exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor relieves pain symptoms of diabetic rats by reducing excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Li L1, Yu T2, Yu L3, Li H4, Liu Y5, Wang D1.
The International journal of neuroscience.Int J Neurosci.2016 Aug;126(8):749-58. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1057725. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes lacking of effective treatments. Enhanced excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic neuropathic hyperalgesia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known as a n
PMID 26441011

Effects of electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure at different frequency and duration on the peripheral nerve regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study.

Hei WH1, Byun SH1, Kim JS2, Kim S3, Seo YK4, Park JC5, Kim SM1, Jahng JW6, Lee JH1,6.
The International journal of neuroscience.Int J Neurosci.2016 Aug;126(8):739-48. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1054032. Epub 2015 May 26.
PURPOSE: The purpose was to clarify the influence of frequency and exposure time of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on the peripheral nerve regeneration.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immortalized rat Schwann cells (iSCs) (1 × 10(2)/well) were exposed at four different conditions in 1 mT (50 Hz 1 h/d,
PMID 26010211

Japanese Journal

Prolonged administration of proguanil induces reproductive toxicity in male rats

STEPHEN Akinsomisoye Olumide,YINUSA Raji
Journal of toxicological sciences 36(5), 587-599, 2011-10-01
… Also, the genetic expressions of transferrin and Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (G.D.N.F.) were assessed. … However, the genetic expressions of transferrin and Glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor were normal. …
NAID 10029481335

Differential expression and the anti-apoptotic effect of human placental neurotrophins and their receptors.

Fujita K,Tatsumi K,Kondoh E,Chigusa Y,Mogami H,Fujii T,Yura S,Kakui K,Konishi I
Placenta 32(10), 737-744, 2011-10
… Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the main ligand of TrkB, was expressed in membranous chorion and villous tissue and was significantly higher in maternal plasma in normotensive SGA and PE than in controls. …
NAID 120003477795

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「神経栄養因子」「neurotrophin」
拡張検索	「ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor」「glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor」「ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha subunit」
関連記事	「fact」「factor」「neurotrophic」