関: renal neoplasm

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/01 17:45:29」(JST)

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Nephroma is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains 36 species.^[1] They are sometimes called kidney lichens, named after the characteristic kidney-shaped apothecia that they produce on the lower surface of their lobe tips, which often curl upwards and thus are visible from above.^[2] Sterile specimens that do not have apothecia can look somewhat like Melanelia, Peltigera, Platismatia, or Asahinea. Most species grow either on mossy ground or rocks, or on trees.^[2]

All species of Nephroma contain cyanobacteria (in the genus Nostoc) as a photobiont, which allows the organism to fix nitrogen. In some species the cyanobacteria is the sole photobiont, while other species also contain a green alga photobiont (Coccomyxa) and the cyanobacteria is restricted to warty cephalodia on the upper or lower surface of the lichen.^[2]

Description

Species of Nephroma have a stratified foliose thallus with a cortex that is well-developed on both the upper and lower surfaces. The fruit bodies (apothecia) are formed on the lower surface of the thallus, which is later curved backward to expose the hymenium (spore-bearing surface). Initially, the ascomata are immersed with a vegetative covering that splits open at later stages of development. In contrast to all other groups of Peltigerales, the asci of Nephroma have neither a gelatinous coat nor an iodine-positive apical ring. The brown ascospores are elongated, and have a crosswise partition (septa). Reproductive structures called soredia, isidia, or lobules are present in most species.^[3]

Uses

Several species of Nephroma are restricted to pristine, old growth forests, and thus are important indicator species that have already influenced some forest management decisions.^[2] Nephroma occultum is listed as vulnerable in Canada by COSEWIC.

One species of Nephroma has been found to produce a brown dye,^[4] while another is recorded as being used in Scotland to produce a blue dye for wool.^[5] Nephroma arcticum is called kusskoak by the Yup’ik of Alaska, and it is traditionally eaten after being boiled with crushed fish eggs. A medicinal tea is also made from the lichen, and is reputed to be a powerful medicine to return strength to a person who is in a weak condition.^[6] N. arcticum contains several antifreeze proteins that have been patented by the Dutch multinational corporation Unilever for their ability to modify the growth of ice crystals; these proteins have been used to improve the texture of low-fat ice cream.^[7]

Gallery

Nephroma australe growing on Isla Navarino, Chile.

References

^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 467. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sharnoff S, Brodo IM, Sharnoff SD. (2001). Lichens of North America. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08249-5.
^ Lohtander K, Oksanen I, Rikkinen J. (2002). "A phylogenetic study of Nephroma". Mycological Research 106 (7): 777–87. doi:10.1017/S0953756202006068.
^ Brough SG. (1984). "Dye characteristics of British Columbia forest lichens". Syesis 17: 81–94.
^ Uphof JCT. (1959). Dictionary of Economic Plants. New York: Hafner Publishing Co.
^ Oswalt WH. (1957). "A western Eskimo ethnobotany". Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6 (1): 16–36.
^ Oksanen I. (2006). "Ecological and biotechnological aspects of lichens". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 73 (4): 723–34. doi:10.1007/s00253-006-0611-3. ISBN 0025300606113 Check |isbn= value (help). PMID 17082931.

External links

Nephroma in Index Fungorum.
Picture of Nephroma helveticum at Lichens of North America webpage

UpToDate Contents

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1. 先天性中胚葉性腎腫の出生前診断 prenatal diagnosis of congenital mesoblastic nephroma
2. 胎児腹部におけるエコーでの腫瘤および石灰化の概要 overview of echogenic masses and calcification in the fetal abdomen
3. ウィルムス腫瘍の症状、診断、および病期分類 presentation diagnosis and staging of wilms tumor
4. 嚢胞性腎疾患の胎児超音波診断 prenatal sonographic diagnosis of cystic renal disease

English Journal

DICER1 syndrome can mimic different genetic tumor predispositions.

Mehraein Y1, Schmid I2, Eggert M1, Kohlhase J3, Steinlein OK4.
Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2016 Jan 28;370(2):275-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.002. Epub 2015 Nov 11.
DICER1, a RNAse endonuclease involved in the processing of siRNA and microRNA, is known to play a pivotal role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Germ line mutations in the DICER1 gene increase the risk for different types of tumors. At present, DICER1 syndrome is an establis
PMID 26577641

Wilms Tumor in a Child With Bilateral Polycystic Kidneys and PHACE Syndrome: Successful Treatment Outcome Using Partial Nephrectomy and Chemotherapy.

Thankamony P1, Sivarajan V, Mony RP, Muraleedharan V.
Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol.2016 Jan;38(1):e6-9. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000472.
Congenital anomalies may be associated with Wilms tumor either as isolated anomalies or as part of a congenital malformation syndrome. Nephroblastoma occurring in association with polycystic kidneys is very rare. The optimal surgical management of nephroblastoma in the setting of polycystic kidneys
PMID 26583622

WT1 Expression in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Assessing its Presence, Magnitude and Temporal Changes as Prognostic Factors.

Ujj Z1, Buglyó G2, Udvardy M1, Beyer D3, Vargha G3, Biró S3, Rejtő L1.
Pathology oncology research : POR.Pathol Oncol Res.2016 Jan;22(1):217-21. doi: 10.1007/s12253-015-0002-0. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
Expression of the gene Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) has been suggested as a marker of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but literature data are not without controversy. Our aim was to assess the presence, magnitude and temporal changes of WT1 expression as prognostic factors. 60 AML p
PMID 26531831

Japanese Journal

コモチウラミゴケ(ウラミゴケ科,地衣化子嚢菌)は独立種である

FEDROWITZ Katja,FRISCH Andreas,KAASALAINEN Ulla [他]
植物研究雑誌 89(5), 346-354, 2014-10
NAID 40020238775

症例腎盂内に突出する発育形態を呈したMESTの1例 (特集腹部の最新画像情報2014)

谷尾宜子,加茂実武,植田琢也 [他]
臨床放射線 59(6), 844-848, 2014-06
NAID 40020119105

Pathology : Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of a Renal Mesenchymal Tumor in a Young Beagle Dog

SUZUKI Yui,TAKABA Katsumi,YAMAGUCHI Itaru [他]
The journal of veterinary medical science 74(1), 89-92, 2012-01
NAID 40019170821

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「renal neoplasm」「腎腫」
拡張検索	「mesoblastic nephroma」

「renal neoplasm」

Nephroma
	Nephroma resupinatum growing on a big leaf maple on Vancouver Island, Canada
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Order:	Peltigerales
Family:	Nephromataceae
Genus:	Nephroma; Ach.
Type species
	Nephroma polaris; (Ach.) Ach.
Species
	36, including:; Nephroma antarctica; Nephroma arcticum; Nephroma bellum; Nephroma expallidum; Nephroma helveticum; Nephroma isidiosum; Nephroma laevigatum; Nephroma occultum; Nephroma parile; Nephroma resupinatum

　　[★]

腎腫瘍、腎新生物

関: cancer of the kidney、kidney cancer、kidney neoplasm、nephroma、renal cancer

「腎腫」

　　[★]

英: nephroma
関: 腎腫瘍

「mesoblastic nephroma」

　　[★] 中胚葉腎腫、中胚葉性腎腫、間葉芽腎腫、腎間葉芽腫

関: congenital mesoblastic nephroma

[Kirk2008-1] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 467. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.

[Brodo2001-2] Sharnoff S, Brodo IM, Sharnoff SD. (2001). Lichens of North America. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08249-5.

[Lohtander2002-3] Lohtander K, Oksanen I, Rikkinen J. (2002). "A phylogenetic study of Nephroma". Mycological Research 106 (7): 777–87. doi:10.1017/S0953756202006068.

[Brough1984-4] Brough SG. (1984). "Dye characteristics of British Columbia forest lichens". Syesis 17: 81–94.

[Uphof1959-5] Uphof JCT. (1959). Dictionary of Economic Plants. New York: Hafner Publishing Co.

[Oswalt1957-6] Oswalt WH. (1957). "A western Eskimo ethnobotany". Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6 (1): 16–36.

[Oksanen2006-7] Oksanen I. (2006). "Ecological and biotechnological aspects of lichens". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 73 (4): 723–34. doi:10.1007/s00253-006-0611-3. ISBN 0025300606113 Check |isbn= value (help). PMID 17082931.

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nephroma