WordNet
- a modern Darwinian theory that explains new species in terms of genetic mutations
- a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection
- (used as a combining form) recent or new; "`neo is a combining form in words like `neocolonialism"
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- ダーウィン説,進化論
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/12/01 23:02:56」(JST)
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Neo-Darwinism is the 'modern synthesis' of Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics, the latter being a set of primary tenets specifying that evolution involves the transmission of characteristics from parent to child through the mechanism of genetic transfer, rather than the 'blending process' of pre-Mendelian evolutionary science. Neo-Darwinism can also designate Darwin's ideas of natural selection separated from his hypothesis of Pangenesis as a Lamarckian source of variation involving blending inheritance.[1]
As part of the disagreement about whether natural selection alone was sufficient to explain speciation, George Romanes coined the term neo-Darwinism to refer to the version of evolution advocated by Alfred Russel Wallace and August Weismann with its heavy dependence on natural selection.[2] Weismann and Wallace rejected the Lamarckian idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics, something that Darwin had not ruled out.[3] The term was first used in 1895 to explain that evolution occurs solely through natural selection, in other words, without any mechanism involving the inheritance of acquired characteristics resulting from use or disuse.[4] These two scientists' complete rejection of Lamarckism came from Weismann's germ plasm theory. Weismann realised that the cells that produce the germ plasm, or gametes (such as sperm and egg in animals), separate from the somatic cells that go on to make other body tissues at an early stage in development. Since he could see no obvious means of communication between the two he asserted that the inheritance of acquired characteristics was therefore impossible; a conclusion now known as Weismann's barrier.[5]
From the 1880s to the 1930s the term continued to be applied to the panselectionist school of thought, which argued that natural selection was the main and perhaps sole cause of all evolution.[6] From then until around 1947 the term was used for the panselectionist followers of R. A. Fisher.
Contents
- 1 Modern evolutionary synthesis
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Modern evolutionary synthesis[edit]
Following the development, from about 1937 to 1950, of the modern evolutionary synthesis, now generally referred to as the synthetic view of evolution or the modern synthesis, the term neo-Darwinian is often used to refer to contemporary evolutionary theory.[7] However, such usage has been described by some as incorrect;[1][4][8] with Ernst Mayr writing in 1984:
"...the term neo-Darwinism for the synthetic theory is wrong, because the term neo-Darwinism was coined by Romanes in 1895 as a designation of Weismann's theory."[9]
Despite such objections, publications such as Encyclopædia Britannica[10][11] use this term to refer to current evolutionary theory. This term is also used in the scientific literature, with the academic publisher Blackwell Publishing referring to "neo-Darwinism as practised today",[12] and some figures in the study of evolution like Richard Dawkins[13] and Stephen Jay Gould[14] using the term in their writings and lectures.
See also[edit]
|
Evolutionary biology portal |
- Developmental systems theory
- Evolutionary developmental biology
- Neo-Lamarckism
- Symbiogenesis
References[edit]
- ^ a b Kutschera U, Niklas KJ (2004). "The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis". Naturwissenschaften 91 (6): 255–76. doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y. PMID 15241603.
- ^ Gould The Structure of Evolutionary Theory p. 216
- ^ Kutschera U. 2003. A comparative analysis of the Darwin-Wallace papers and the development of the concept of natural selection. Theory in Biosciences 122, 343-359
- ^ a b Reif W-E. Junker T. Hoßfeld U. (2000). "The synthetic theory of evolution: general problems and the German contribution to the synthesis". Theory in Biosciences 119 (1): 41–91(51). doi:10.1078/1431-7613-00004.
- ^ Barbieri FD (1989). "The origin of Metazoa and Weismann's germ line theory". Riv. Biol. 82 (1): 61–74. PMID 2665023.
- ^ "How to be Anti-Darwinian". Retrieved 2007-09-19.
- ^ "The Modern Synthesis of Genetics and Evolution". Retrieved 2007-09-19.
- ^ Pigliucci, M. (2007). "Do We Need An Extended Evolutionary Synthesis?". Evolution 61 (12): 2743–2749. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00246.x. PMID 17924956.
- ^ Mayr E. (1984). "What is Darwinism Today?". Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 2: 145–156. JSTOR 192502.
- ^ "neo-Darwinism". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
- ^ "neo-Darwinism". Hutchinson Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
- ^ "A-Z Browser of Evolution". Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
- ^ "Lecture on Neo-Darwinism". RichardDawkins.net : The Official Richard Dawkins Website. Retrieved 2007-09-19. Note: On or before Jan 2013, the original Dawkins lecture referenced became inaccessible online at this url or any other cite that linked to this url.
- ^ "Challenges to Neo-Darwinism and Their Meaning for a Revised View of Human Consciousness". Cambridge University: The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Retrieved 2009-03-05.
External links[edit]
- The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication
- Challenges to neo-Darwinism - Stephen Jay Gould.
- Neodarwinism - Richard Dawkins Note: On or before Jan 2013, the video referenced became inaccessible online.
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English Journal
- Central tenets of neo-Darwinism broken. Response to 'Neo-Darwinism is just fine'.
- Noble D1.
- The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2015 Aug;218(Pt 16):2659. doi: 10.1242/jeb.125526.
- PMID 26290595
- Neo-Darwinism is just fine.
- Williams CA1.
- The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2015 Aug;218(Pt 16):2658-9. doi: 10.1242/jeb.125088.
- PMID 26290594
- How to deduce and teach the logical and unambiguous answer, namely L = ∑C, to "What is Life?" using the principles of communication?
- De Loof A1.
- Communicative & integrative biology.Commun Integr Biol.2015 Jul 25;8(5):e1059977. doi: 10.1080/19420889.2015.1059977.
- Is it possible to understand the very nature of 'Life' and 'Death' based on contemporary biology The usual spontaneous reaction is: "No way. Life is far too complicated. It involves both material- and an immaterial dimensions, and this combination exceeds the capacities of the human brain." In this
- PMID 27064373
Japanese Journal
- 進化生物学に基づいた宗教的言説の考察 : 新たな形態の創造論とそれを取り巻く諸理論の現状
- 藤井 修平
- 東京大学宗教学年報 (31), 83-100, 2013
- … According to ID theory, the organisms of living things are too complex for the Neo-Darwinian theory to explain their origin. … When an objection is raised against the Neo-Darwinian theory, any opponent of Neo-Darwinism can use it to support of his or her statement, theory or faith. … Thus, academic critics of Neo-Darwinism and various supporters of creationism can be regarded as indirect collaborators. …
- NAID 120005462682
- ネオダーウィニズムの職人が語るネオダーウィニズムの効用と限界
- ファジィ適応型探索並列遺伝的アルゴリズムおよびその改良手法
- 李 強,前田 陽一郎
- 知能と情報 : 日本知能情報ファジィ学会誌 : journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 21(5), 894-904, 2009-10-15
- 遺伝的アルゴリズム(GA)は適用範囲の非常に広い,生物の遺伝メカニズム(ネオダーウィニズム)を模倣した学習アルゴリズムである.一般にGAはランダム的要素を含んだ探索手法のため,いくつかの問題を含んでいる.中でも,交叉率や突然変異率などの遺伝的パラメータが一定であるため,GAにおける探索性能は初期や収束期において常に最適であるとは限らない.このため,我々はすでに進化の高速化と解の高質化に基づく効率的 …
- NAID 10025995523
Related Links
- (nē'ō-där'wə-nĭz'əm) Darwinism as modified by the findings of modern genetics, stating that mutations due to random copying errors in DNA cause variation within a population of individual organisms and that natural selection acts ...
- Ne·o-Dar·win·ism (nē′ō-där′wə-nĭz′əm) n. Darwinism as modified by the findings of modern genetics. Ne′o-Dar·win′i·an (-där-wĭn′ē-ən) adj. Ne′o-Dar′win·ist n. Neo-Darwinism (ˌniːəʊˈdɑːwɪnˌɪzəm) n 1. (Biology) the modern version of the ...
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- number of experiment、sample size
- pの前の[n]はmと記載する。synptom→symptom
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ダーウィン説
- 関
- Darwinian
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ネオ、新
- 関
- new