WordNet

interrupt, break, or destroy; "fracture the balance of power"
breaking of hard tissue such as bone; "it was a nasty fracture"; "the break seems to have been caused by a fall" (同)break
fracture a bone of; "I broke my foot while playing hockey" (同)break
become fractured; "The tibia fractured from the blow of the iron pipe"
break (a bone); "She broke her clavicle"
break into pieces; "The pothole fractured a bolt on the axle"
violate or abuse; "This writer really fractures the language"
the act of cracking something (同)crack, cracking
an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose (同)nasal_bone, os_nasale

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(特に)骨を折ること;骨を折った状熊 / 〈C〉割れ(裂け)目,(鉱物の)破砕面 / 〈足・腕などを〉‘を'骨折する;…‘を'砕く / 骨折する;砕ける
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》鼻の / 鼻声の / (音声が)鼻音の / (音声で)鼻音;鼻音字([m][n][g])

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/02 01:25:25」(JST)

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"Broken Nose" redirects here. For the song by Catherine Wheel, see Adam and Eve (album).

Fractured nose with epistaxis; the result of a rugby injury.

A nasal fracture, commonly referred to as a broken nose, is a fracture of one of the bones of the nose. Because of the protrusion of the nose from the face and the fragility of the bones of the nose, a broken nose is one of the most common facial injuries, comprising almost 40% of all facial injuries.^[1]

Causes

Nasal fractures are caused by physical trauma to the face. Common sources of nasal fractures include sports injuries, fighting, falls, and car accidents in the younger age groups, and falls from syncope or impaired balance in the elderly^[2].

Symptoms

Symptoms of a broken nose include bruising, swelling, tenderness, pain, deformity, and/or bleeding of the nose and nasal region of the face. The patient may have difficulty breathing, or excessive nosebleeds (if the nasal mucosa are damaged).

Diagnosis

Nasal fractures are usually identified visually and through physical examination. A priority is to distinguish simple fractures limited to the nasal bones (Type 1) from fractures that also involve other facial bones and/or the nasal septum (Types 2 and 3). In simple Type 1 fractures X-Rays supply surprisingly little information beyond clinical examination. However, diagnosis may be confirmed with X-rays or CT scans, and these are required if other facial injuries are suspected. Although treatment of an uncomplicated fracture of nasal bones is not urgent, referral for specific treatment in five to seven days usually suffices, an associated injury, nasal septal hematoma, occurs in about 5% of cases^[2] and does require urgent treatment and should be looked for during the assessment of nasal injuries.

Treatment

Minor nasal fractures may be allowed to heal on their own provided there is not significant cosmetic deformity. Ice and pain medication may be prescribed to ease discomfort during the healing process. For nasal fractures where the nose has been deformed, manual alignment may be attempted, usually with good results. Injuries involving other structures (Types 2 and 3) must be recognized and treated surgically^[3].

Notes

^ MayoClinic.com. "Broken nose." Retrieved on 2008-10-16
^ ^a ^b Bremke M, Gedeon H, Windfuhr JP, Werner JA, Sesterhenn AM (2009 Nov). "Nasal bone fracture: etiology, diagnostics, treatment and complications". Laryngorhinootologie 88(11): 711-6.
^ Mondin V, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A ( 2005 May-Jun). "Management of nasal bone fractures". Am J Otolaryngol 26(3): 181-5.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における顔面外傷 facial trauma in adults
2. 小児における鼻の外傷および骨折 nasal trauma and fractures in children
3. 顔面裂傷の評価およびマネージメント assessment and management of facial lacerations
4. 小児における鼻出血の評価 evaluation of epistaxis in children
5. 鼻症状の原因：概要 etiologies of nasal symptoms an overview

English Journal

Features of cranio-maxillofacial trauma in the massive Sichuan earthquake: Analysis of 221 cases with multi-detector row CT.

Chu ZG, Yang ZG, Dong ZH, Chen TW, Zhu ZY, Deng W, Xiao JH.SourceDepartment of Radiology (Head: Bin Song, MD, PhD), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg.2011 Oct;39(7):503-8. Epub 2010 Nov 26.
OBJECTIVE: In a massive earthquake, cranio-maxillofacial trauma was common. The present study was to determine the features of cranio-maxillofacial trauma sustained in the massive Sichuan earthquake by multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT).METHODS: The study included 221 consecutive patients
PMID 21112795

Japanese Journal

東京都におけるクマ咬傷例

山口恵,角卓郎
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 104(7), 499-503, 2011
… Aside from nasal fracture, soft tissue of the eyes, lacrimal duct, parotid gland, and facial nerve were intact. … We also fixed his nose in place externally and internally to prevent nasal breathing obstruction. …
NAID 130000804903