WordNet

pass through a cycle; "This machine automatically cycles"
an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; "the never-ending cycle of the seasons" (同)rhythm, round
recur in repeating sequences
a single complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon; "a year constitutes a cycle of the seasons" (同)oscillation
a periodically repeated sequence of events; "a cycle of reprisal and retaliation"
a series of poems or songs on the same theme; "Schuberts song cycles"
cause to go through a recurring sequence; "cycle the laundry in this washing program"
an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose (同)nasal_bone, os_nasale
the sport of traveling on a bicycle or motorcycle

PrepTutorEJDIC

『周期』,循環期;一巡り / 周波,サイクル / (英雄・伝説などを扱った)一連の詩(物語) / 『自転車』;三輪車;オートバイ / 自転車に乗る / 循環する,反復する
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》鼻の / 鼻声の / (音声が)鼻音の / (音声で)鼻音;鼻音字([m][n][g])
自転車に乗ること,サイクリング

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/25 14:04:04」(JST)

wiki en

A CT scan showing evidence of the nasal cycle. The more patent airway is on the right of the image; the swollen turbinates congesting the left.

The nasal cycle is the often unnoticeable^[1]^[2] alternating partial congestion and decongestion of the nasal cavities in humans and other animals. It is a physiological congestion of the nasal concha due to selective activation of one half of the autonomic nervous system by the hypothalamus. It should not be confused with pathological nasal congestion. Although various aspects of the nasal cycle have been studied and discussed in the ancient Yogic literature,^[3] in the modern western literature, it was first described by the German physician Richard Kayser in 1895.^[4]

Description

In 1927 Heetderks^[5] spoke about the alternating turgescence of the inferior turbinates in 80% of a normal population. The cycle is the result of alternating congestion and decongestion of the turbinates, predominantly the inferior turbinates, which are by far the largest of the turbinates in each nasal fossa. Turbinates consist of bony projections covered by erectile tissue, much like the tissues of the penis and clitoris. The turbinates in one fossa filled up with blood while the opposite turbinates decongested by shunting blood away. This cycle, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system as described above, had a mean duration of two and a half hours. He further observed and documented that the turbinates in the dependent nasal fossa filled when the patient was in the lateral decubitus (lying down on your side) position. Some^[who?] postulate that this alternating positional obstruction has the purpose of causing a person to turn from one side to the other while sleeping. Others note that the asymmetric airflow may have some benefit to overall olfactory sensitivity.^[6] The nasal cycle is an alternating one, with the total resistance in the nose remaining constant. In patients with a fixed septal deviation and intermittent nasal obstruction, the interplay of the nasal cycle becomes evident; the sensation of obstruction frequently mirrors the congestion phase.^[6]

It is possible that the Nasal cycle may exacerbate the nasal congestion caused by the common cold, as the lack of motility of the cilia in one half of the nose may lead to an uncomfortable sensation of not being able to shift mucus by blowing the nose.

Benefits in breathing

It has been shown that the cilia of the congested side suspend their motility until that side decongests. Thus the cycle ensures that one side of the nose is always moist, to facilitate humidification, which is one of the three functions of the nose, the other two being filtration and warming of inspired air prior to its entering the lungs.^[6]

Benefits in smelling

Some odor chemicals bind with olfactory receptors easily, even under conditions of high airflow, and other odors need more time, under low airflow conditions, to bind with receptors. With high airflow on one side and low airflow on the other side, the olfactory center detects a greater range of smells.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Distinction

The nasal cycle should not be confused with pathological nasal congestion: individuals with normal nasal breathing usually do not realize their breathing is asymmetric unless there is underlying nasal obstruction.^[1] In pathological conditions, however, the nasal cycle may influence the symptoms.^[2]

Research on the effects

In 1994, breathing through alternate nostrils showed effects on brain hemisphere symmetry on EEG topography.^[10] D.S. Shannahoff-Khalsa published in 2007 on the effect of this cycle and manipulation through forced nostril breathing on one side on the endogenous ultradian rhythms of the autonomic and central nervous system.^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b Josephson, J. S. (2006). Sinus Relief Now: The Ground-Breaking 5-Step Program for Sinus, Allergy, And Asthma Sufferers. Penguin Group. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-39953-298-6.
^ ^a ^b Huizing, E. H.; de Groot, J. A. M. (2003). Functional Reconstructive Nasal Surgery. Thieme. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-58890-081-4. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
^ Swara Yoga, Swami Mukti Bodhananda, Bihar School of Yoga, December 1999
^ Richard Kayser: Die exakte Messung der Luftdurchgängigkeit der Nase. Arch. Laryng. Rhinol. (Berl.) 8, 101 (1895)
^ Cummings: Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, 4th ed
^ ^a ^b ^c Thomas Hummel; Antje Welge-Lüssen (1 January 2006), Taste and Smell: An Update, Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, pp. 12–, ISBN 978-3-8055-8123-3
^ Sobel, Noam; Khan, Rehan M.; Saltman, Amnon; Sullivan, Edith V.; Gabrieli, John D. E. (1999-11-04). "Olfaction: The world smells different to each nostril". Nature (Macmillan Magazines Ltd.) 402 (6757): 35. doi:10.1038/46944. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 10573415.
^ O'Toole, Kathleen (1999-11-10). "Smelling roses: Your nostrils may part ways". Retrieved 2015-06-26.
^ Kruszelnicki, Karl (2000-11-01). "Nostrils smell differently 1". Retrieved 2015-06-26.
^ Stancák A Jr, Kuna M (October 1994). "EEG changes during forced alternate nostril breathing". Int J Psychophysiol (Department of Physiology and Clinical Physiology, Charles University in Prague) 18 (1): 75–9. doi:10.1016/0167-8760(84)90017-5. PMID 7876041.
^ D.S. Shannahoff-Khalsa: Selective Unilateral Autonomic Activation: Implications for Psychiatry. CNS Spectr. 2007, 12(8):625-634

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 鼻症状の原因：概要 etiologies of nasal symptoms an overview
2. 鼻閉塞の臨床症状、診断、および治療 clinical presentation diagnosis and treatment of nasal obstruction
3. 鼻炎の概要 an overview of rhinitis
4. 職業性鼻炎 occupational rhinitis

English Journal

Investigation of the persistence and transmission of MRSA CC 5 in pigs following intra-nasal inoculation.

Gibbons JF, Markey BK, Jahns H, Boland F, Abbott Y, Burns A, Egan J, Fanning S, Gutierrez M, Leonard FC.SourceSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: james.gibbons@ed.ac.uk.
Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2013 Mar 23;162(2-4):771-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.001. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
MRSA CC5 spa type t002 appears to have a broad host range, has been isolated from animals and in-contact humans in Ireland and could potentially become established in pigs in Ireland. The aims of this study were to determine if MRSA CC5 spa type t002 could persist in the tissues of the porcine upper
PMID 23116587

Epidemiology, chronobiology and taxonomic updates of Rhinoestrus spp. infestation in horses of Sardinia Isle, Western Mediterranean (Italy).

Mula P, Pilo C, Solinas C, Pipia AP, Varcasia A, Francisco I, Arias MS, Paz Silva A, Sánchez-Andrade R, Morrondo P, Díez-Baños P, Scala A.SourceParasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy.
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2013 Feb 18;192(1-3):240-6. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.10.009. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
From January to December 2008, 265 horses slaughtered in Sardinia (Italy) were examined for the presence of Rhinoestrus spp. (Diptera: Oestridae) through the examination of the nasal cavities and pharynges. Larvae were detected in 49% of the horses, with a mean intensity of infestation of 16.09 and
PMID 23182302

Japanese Journal

客観的評価に基づいた鼻閉の診断と治療

大木幹文,大越俊夫
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 106(12), 1065-1072, 2013-12
NAID 40019895479

客観的評価に基づいた鼻閉の診断と治療

大木幹文,大越俊夫
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 106(12), 1065-1072, 2013
… Rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry are useful tools for the objective assessment of nasal patency. … Nasal patency during breathing is required as one of the measures of respiratory function because difficulty in nasal breathing is affected by any decrease in respiratory function. … The nasal mucosa automatically changes depending on many different factors. …
NAID 130003386094

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「鼻周期」
関連記事	「nasal」「cycle」「cycling」

「鼻周期」

　　[★]

英: nasal cycle
同: 鼻サイクル、ネーザルサイクル

[show details]

鼻周期 : 90 件
鼻サイクル : 88 件
ネーザルサイクル : 68 件

「nasal」

　　[★]

adj.

鼻の、経鼻の

関: nasotracheal、nose、snout、transnasal

「cycle」

　　[★]

サイクル、周期、回路

関: circuit

「cycling」

　　[★]

サイクリング

[josephson2006sinus-1] Josephson, J. S. (2006). Sinus Relief Now: The Ground-Breaking 5-Step Program for Sinus, Allergy, And Asthma Sufferers. Penguin Group. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-39953-298-6.

[huizing52-2] Huizing, E. H.; de Groot, J. A. M. (2003). Functional Reconstructive Nasal Surgery. Thieme. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-58890-081-4. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)

[3] Swara Yoga, Swami Mukti Bodhananda, Bihar School of Yoga, December 1999

[4] Richard Kayser: Die exakte Messung der Luftdurchgängigkeit der Nase. Arch. Laryng. Rhinol. (Berl.) 8, 101 (1895)

[5] Cummings: Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, 4th ed

[HummelWelge-L.C3.BCssen2006-6] Thomas Hummel; Antje Welge-Lüssen (1 January 2006), Taste and Smell: An Update, Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, pp. 12–, ISBN 978-3-8055-8123-3

[7] Sobel, Noam; Khan, Rehan M.; Saltman, Amnon; Sullivan, Edith V.; Gabrieli, John D. E. (1999-11-04). "Olfaction: The world smells different to each nostril". Nature (Macmillan Magazines Ltd.) 402 (6757): 35. doi:10.1038/46944. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 10573415.

[8] O'Toole, Kathleen (1999-11-10). "Smelling roses: Your nostrils may part ways". Retrieved 2015-06-26.

[9] Kruszelnicki, Karl (2000-11-01). "Nostrils smell differently 1". Retrieved 2015-06-26.

[10] Stancák A Jr, Kuna M (October 1994). "EEG changes during forced alternate nostril breathing". Int J Psychophysiol (Department of Physiology and Clinical Physiology, Charles University in Prague) 18 (1): 75–9. doi:10.1016/0167-8760(84)90017-5. PMID 7876041.

[11] D.S. Shannahoff-Khalsa: Selective Unilateral Autonomic Activation: Implications for Psychiatry. CNS Spectr. 2007, 12(8):625-634

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案内

nasal cycle