WordNet

the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)d

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…と)『同じくらい』,『同様に』 / 《比較》『…ほど』,『…くらい』,…ように / 《様態・程度》『…のように』,…と同じように / 《時》『…のときに』(when);…の間に,…するうちに(while) / 《話》《原因・理由》『…だから』,…なので / 《譲歩》《文》…だけれども(though) / 《先行する名詞の内容を制限して》『…のような』 / 《先行の,または後続の節の内容を受けて》『それは…だが』,…のように / 《役割・資格・機能などを表して》『…として』 / 《seem,appear,consider,pass,regard,treat,know,think of などの動詞の後で補語の働きをする語の前に置いて》…と[して] / 《前置詞・形容詞・分詞などの前に置いてその意味を限定して》…として[の],…とみなして,…と考えて / たとえば(for instance)
Anglo-Saxon
answer / ampere
deuteriumの化学記号
(おもに人称代名詞・固有名詞(人名),thereの後で)had, wouldの短縮形 / (疑問文でwhere,what,whenの後で)didの短縮形;Where'd he go?=Where did he go?

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1. 痘瘡ワクチンとしてのワクシニアウイルス vaccinia virus as the smallpox vaccine
2. 単極性大うつ病に対する維持療法としてのマインドフルネス認知療法 mindfulness based cognitive therapy as maintenance treatment for unipolar major depression
3. 上皮成長因子受容体変異を有する進行非小細胞肺癌に対する全身療法 systemic therapy for advanced non small cell lung cancer with an activating mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor
4. 薬剤の効きづらい高コレステロール血症の治療 treatment of drug resistant hypercholesterolemia
5. 成人におけるクローン病治療のためのナタリズマブ natalizumab for treatment of crohn disease in adults

English Journal

Intravenous Immunoglobulin-Induced Neutrophil Apoptosis in the Lung during Murine Endotoxemia.

Aoyama-Ishikawa M, Seishu A, Kawakami S, Maeshige N, Miyoshi M, Ueda T, Usami M, Nakao A, Kotani J.Author information 1 Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe, Japan .AbstractAbstract Background: The pathophysiologic features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are attributed to neutrophil accumulation and over-activation. Low blood immunoglobulin G concentrations in septic shock patients are associated with higher risk of developing ARDS. This study showed the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on neutrophil apoptosis and accumulation in the lung during murine endotoxemia. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were injected with saline or 7 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and 3 h later also were injected with saline, IVIg 300 mg/kg, or IVIg 1000 mg/kg intraperitoneally. At 12 h after LPS injection, mice were sacrificed and peripheral blood and lungs were collected. The lung messenger ribonucleic acid expression (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1]) was determined using quantitative realtime reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Lungs were immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde and then embedded in paraffin. Tissue slices were prepared and stained with naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase to detect neutrophils. The numbers of neutrophils (characterized by the segment number of their nuclei) were counted. Peripheral neutrophil apoptosis was detected by annexin V using flow cytometry and lung neutrophil apoptosis was detected by cleaved caspase-3 using immunohistochemistry. Results: The survival rates of the saline group, LPS group, and IVIg group were all 100%. Apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils was inhibited by LPS. Neutrophil accumulation in the lung was decreased by both IVIg 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. Segmented neutrophils were reduced by IVIg during endotoxemia. However, IVIg 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg had no influence on the lung messenger ribonucleic acid expression of TNF-α, iNOS, or ICAM-1. Cleaved-caspase-3-positive neutrophils were increased in the IVIg 300 mg/kg group during endotoxemia. The 1000 mg/kg IVIG dose reduced the number of segmented neutrophils, but did not induce cleaved-caspase 3-positive neutrophils. Conclusion: A therapeutic IVIg dose can attenuate neutrophil accumulation and regulate neutrophil apoptosis in the lung during endotoxemia. It is possible that the pathways by which IVIG induces neutrophil apoptosis may differ depending on the IVIg concentration.
Surgical infections.Surg Infect (Larchmt).2013 Oct 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Background: The pathophysiologic features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are attributed to neutrophil accumulation and over-activation. Low blood immunoglobulin G concentrations in septic shock patients are associated with higher risk of developing ARDS. This study showed the
PMID 24116740

Effects of xenon and isoflurane on apoptosis and inflammation in a porcine myocardial infarction model.

Sopka S, Mertens C, Roehl AB, Schiffl K, Rossaint R, Classen-Linke I.Author information Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.AbstractVolatile anaesthetics can reduce the infarction size in myocardial tissue when administered before and during experimentally induced ischaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether xenon is beneficial compared to isoflurane in limiting myocardial tissue apoptosis and inflammation induced by experimental ischaemia-reperfusion injury in a porcine right ventricular infarction model. Twenty-one animals used for this study randomly received isoflurane, xenon or thiopental, (n=6-8 per group). Myocardial infarction was induced for 90min, followed by reperfusion for 120min. Tissues from the left and right ventricles were removed from the sites of infarction, reperfusion and remote areas, and processed for immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis (caspase-3 staining) and neutrophilic infiltration (naphthol AS-D chloroacetate-specific esterase) were assessed and evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using an ANOVA of repeated measures. Density of apoptotic cells were higher in tissues from animals that were anesthetized with xenon. This effect was significant in comparison to isoflurane (p=0.0177). Neutrophilic infiltration was significantly higher in the right compared to the left ventricle (p<0.001), whereas no significant differences in the number of granulocytes based on the anaesthetic regime or the different tissue areas were found. We conclude that xenon, in the early phase of ischaemia and reperfusion, induces a significant increase in apoptosis compared to isoflurane. Therefore, clinical use of this anaesthetic in cardiocompromised patients should be taken with care until more long-term studies have been carried out. The increased neutrophilic infiltration in the right vs. the left ventricle indicates the right ventricle being more susceptible to ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft.Ann Anat.2013 Mar;195(2):166-74. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2012.07.013. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
Volatile anaesthetics can reduce the infarction size in myocardial tissue when administered before and during experimentally induced ischaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether xenon is beneficial compared to isoflurane in limiting myocardial tissue apoptosis and inflammation induced
PMID 23022344

Mast cell sarcoma with megakaryocytic differentiation in a calf.

Fujimoto A, Wada Y, Kanada T, Ishikawa Y, Kadota K.Author information Kamikawa Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4-15 Higashitakasu, Asahikawa 071-8154, Japan.AbstractA case of mast cell sarcoma in a 5-month-old Holstein female calf is described. Macroscopically, enlargement of the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils and kidneys was noted, and there were tumor masses in the neck region and on the pleura and peritoneum. The pericardium and uterine and ureter walls were also involved by tumor. Most neoplastic cells had eosinophilic granules, which were metachromatic and positive for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase and tryptase, whereas smaller numbers of cells were positive for factor VIII-related antigen, a marker of megakaryocytes. Some of the predominant type of these tumor cells were found within the epithelia of the lungs, tonsils, gastrointestinal tract, liver, ureters, urinary bladder and uterus. Their normal counterparts were considered to be globule leukocytes.
The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.J Vet Med Sci.2012 Dec;74(12):1643-6. Epub 2012 Jul 17.
A case of mast cell sarcoma in a 5-month-old Holstein female calf is described. Macroscopically, enlargement of the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils and kidneys was noted, and there were tumor masses in the neck region and on the pleura and peritoneum. The pericardium and uterine and ureter walls were a
PMID 22813945

Japanese Journal

Mast Cell Sarcoma with Megakaryocytic Differentiation in a Calf

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Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 74(12), 1643-1646, 2012
… Most neoplastic cells had eosinophilic granules, which were metachromatic and positive for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase and tryptase, whereas smaller numbers of cells were positive for factor VIII-related antigen, a marker of megakaryocytes. …
NAID 130001879697

Cytologic and Immunophenotypic Investigation of Lymphohematopoietic Neoplasms in Cattle

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Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ 45(2), 225-231, 2011
… Cases 3-5 were diagnosed as pleomorphic B cell lymphomas, which were characterized by cytologic pleomorphism and expression of CD79a and CD5, and were etiologically associated with bovine leukosis virus (BLV). … In case 10, an acute basophilic leukemia, some leukemia cells had intracytoplasmic granules that were metachromatic and tryptase positive but negative for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. …
NAID 130002147934

Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Mastocytic and Megakaryocytic Differentiation in a Calf

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Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 73(4), 467-470, 2011
… The granules, which were positive for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase and did not have particulate contents, were distinct from those of basophilic leukemia cells. …
NAID 130000444380