myosin light chain kinase

WordNet

1. very thin and insubstantial; "thin paper"; "light summer dresses"
2. make lighter or brighter; "This lamp lightens the room a bit" (同)illume, illumine, light_up, illuminate
3. a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; "follow Gods light" (同)illumination
4. having abundant light or illumination; "they played as long as it was light"; "as long as the lighting was good" (同)lighting
5. (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; "the light was filtered through a soft glass window" (同)visible_light, visible_radiation
6. any device serving as a source of illumination; "he stopped the car and turned off the lights" (同)light_source
7. the visual effect of illumination on objects or scenes as created in pictures; "he could paint the lightest light and the darkest dark" (同)lightness
8. a particular perspective or aspect of a situation; "although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand"
9. a person regarded very fondly; "the light of my life"
10. a visual warning signal; "they saw the light of the beacon"; "there was a light at every corner"
11. an illuminated area; "he stepped into the light"
12. mental understanding as an enlightening experience; "he finally saw the light"; "can you shed light on this problem?"
13. public awareness; "it brought the scandal to light"
14. (used of color) having a relatively small amount of coloring agent; "light blue"; "light colors such as pastels"; "a light-colored powder" (同)light-colored
15. moving easily and quickly; nimble; "the dancer was light and graceful"; "a lightsome buoyant step"; "walked with a light tripping step" (同)lightsome, tripping
16. having relatively few calories; "diet cola"; "light (or lite) beer"; "lite (or light) mayonnaise"; "a low-cal diet" (同)lite, low-cal, calorie-free
17. less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so; "a light pound"; "a scant cup of sugar"; "regularly gives short weight" (同)scant, short
18. (of sleep) easily disturbed; "in a light doze"; "a light sleeper"; "a restless wakeful night" (同)wakeful
19. (physics, chemistry) not having atomic weight greater than average; "light water is ordinary water"
20. (used of soil) loose and large-grained in consistency; "light soil"
21. characterized by or emitting light; "a room that is light when the shutters are open"; "the inside of the house was airy and light"
22. demanding little effort; not burdensome; "light housework"; "light exercise"
23. designed for ease of movement or to carry little weight; "light aircraft"; "a light truck"
24. easily assimilated in the alimentary canal; not rich or heavily seasoned; "a light diet"
25. having little importance; "losing his job was no light matter"
26. intended primarily as entertainment; not serious or profound; "light verse"; "a light comedy"
27. not great in degree or quantity or number; "a light sentence"; "a light accent"; "casualties were light"; "light snow was falling"; "light misty rain"; "light smoke from the chimney"
28. of comparatively little physical weight or density; "a light load"; "magnesium is a light metal--having a specific gravity of 1.74 at 20 degrees C"
29. of little intensity or power or force; "the light touch of her fingers"; "a light breeze"
30. of the military or industry; using (or being) relatively small or light arms or equipment; "light infantry"; "light cavalry"; "light industry"; "light weapons"
31. psychologically light; especially free from sadness or troubles; "a light heart"
32. fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together"
33. a unit of length
34. a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls"; (同)string, strand
35. a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies"
36. a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament
37. anything that acts as a restraint
38. (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) (同)chemical chain
39. a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated concatenation of circumstances" (同)concatenation
40. (business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership
41. connect or arrange into a chain by linking
42. apparatus for supplying artificial light effects for the stage or a film
43. the craft of providing artificial light; "an interior decorator must understand lighting"
44. British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979) (同)Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Ernst Boris Chain
45. an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉『光,光線』;明るさ / 〈U〉夜明け;日中;日光 / 〈C〉『明かり』(太陽・灯火など光を出すもの) / 〈U〉《時にa~》光輝(brightness),(目などの)輝き / 〈C〉(点火するための)火,火花 / 〈C〉明かり採り,採光窓 / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(絵などの)明るい部分 / 〈U〉(…についての)知識,情報,理解《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(ものを見る)観点,見地;相 / 〈C〉この世に光を与える人;指導的な人物 / …‘に'『火をつける』《+『up』+『名』+『名』+『up』》 / …‘に'『明かりをつける』,‘を'照らす《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈人〉‘を'明かりをつけて案内する / 〈表情など〉‘を'明るくする《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈物が〉火がつく,点火する;明かりがつく《+『up』》 / 明るくなる,晴れ晴れする《+『up』》 / 『明るい』 / (色が)『薄い』
2. (重量が)『軽い』 / (いろいろな事について,その程座・量が)軽い,小さい / 『軽快な』 / 軽装の / 肩のこらない;気軽な / 手軽な,骨の折れなし / (食べ物が)消化のよい,もたれない / ふらふらする,目まいのする / アルコール分の少ない / (パンなどが)ふんわりした / (重量が)軽く / (程度が)軽く,容易に;軽装で
3. (車・馬などから)降りる《+『from』+『名』》(alight) / (木などに)〈鳥などが〉止まる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈打撃・運などが〉突然ふりかかる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
4. 『鎖』;(装飾用の)鎖 / 《複数形で》『束縛』,拘束;囚人をつなぐ鎖 / (物事の)『連続』,つながり《+『of』+『名』》 / (商店・銀行・ホテルなどの)チェーン(一連の店が同一資本のもとで連携して経営される方式;その店) / チェーン(測量で用いられる単位;約21.7m) / …'を'『鎖でつなぐ』《+『up』(『together』)+『名,』+『名』+『up』(『together』)》
5. 照明,点火 / 照明方法(装置)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/23 21:20:27」(JST)

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myosin light-polypeptide kinase, smooth muscle
Identifiers
Symbol	MYLK
Entrez	4638
HUGO	7590
OMIM	600922
RefSeq	NM_053025
UniProt	Q15746
Other data
Locus	Chr. 3 qcen-q21

myosin light-chain kinase 2, skeletal muscle
Crystal structure of the S. dubia centrin / human skeletal muscle myosin light-chain complex.
Identifiers
Symbol	MYLK2
Entrez	85366
HUGO	16243
OMIM	606566
RefSeq	NM_033118
UniProt	Q9H1R3
Other data
Locus	Chr. 20 q13.31

myosin light-chain kinase 3, cardiac
Identifiers
Symbol	MYLK3
Entrez	91807
HUGO	29826
OMIM	612147
RefSeq	NM_182493
UniProt	Q32MK0
Other data
Locus	Chr. 16 q11.2

Human Myosin Light-Chain Kinase
The Crystal Structure of the Human Myosin Light Chain Kinase Loc340156.
Identifiers
Symbol	MYLK4
Entrez	340156
HUGO	27972
RefSeq	NM_001012418
UniProt	Q86YV6

Myosin light-chain kinase also known as MYLK or MLCK is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that phosphorylates the regulatory light chain of myosin II.

Isoforms

Four different MLCK isoforms exist:

• MYLK – smooth muscle
• MYLK2 – skeletal
• MYLK3 – cardiac
• MYLK4 – novel

Function

These enzymes are important in the mechanism of contraction in muscle. Once there is an influx of calcium cations (Ca²⁺) into the muscle, either from the sarcoplasmic reticulum or from the extracellular space, contraction of smooth muscle fibres may begin. First, the calcium will bind to calmodulin. This binding will activate MLCK, which will go on to phosphorylate the myosin light chain at serine residue 19. This will enable the myosin crossbridge to bind to the actin filament and allow contraction to begin (through the crossbridge cycle). Since smooth muscle does not contain a troponin complex, as striated muscle does, this mechanism is the main pathway for regulating smooth muscle contraction. Reducing intracellular calcium concentration inactivates MLCK but does not stop smooth muscle contraction since the myosin light chain has been physically modified through phosphorylation. To stop smooth muscle contraction this change needs to be reversed. Dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain (and subsequent termination of muscle contraction) occurs through activity of a second enzyme known as Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (MLCP).

See also

• protein kinase A

References

Further reading

• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. 
• Clayburgh DR, Rosen S, Witkowski ED, et al. (2005). "A differentiation-dependent splice variant of myosin light chain kinase, MLCK1, regulates epithelial tight junction permeability.". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (53): 55506–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408822200. PMC 1237105. PMID 15507455. 
• Wang F, Graham WV, Wang Y, et al. (2005). "Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergize to induce intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by up-regulating myosin light chain kinase expression.". Am. J. Pathol. 166 (2): 409–19. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62264-X. PMC 1237049. PMID 15681825. 
• Russo JM, Florian P, Shen L, et al. (2005). "Distinct temporal-spatial roles for rho kinase and myosin light chain kinase in epithelial purse-string wound closure.". Gastroenterology 128 (4): 987–1001. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.01.004. PMC 1237051. PMID 15825080. 
• Shimizu S, Yoshida T, Wakamori M, et al. (2006). "Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase is essential for activation of TRPC5 channels expressed in HEK293 cells.". J. Physiol. (Lond.) 570 (Pt 2): 219–35. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.097998. PMC 1464317. PMID 16284075. 
• Kim MT, Kim BJ, Lee JH, et al. (2006). "Involvement of calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase in activation of mTRPC5 expressed in HEK cells.". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 290 (4): C1031–40. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00602.2004. PMID 16306123. 
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes.". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560. 
• Connell LE, Helfman DM (2007). "Myosin light chain kinase plays a role in the regulation of epithelial cell survival.". J. Cell. Sci. 119 (Pt 11): 2269–81. doi:10.1242/jcs.02926. PMID 16723733. 
• Seguchi O, Takashima S, Yamazaki S, et al. (2007). "A cardiac myosin light chain kinase regulates sarcomere assembly in the vertebrate heart.". J. Clin. Invest. 117 (10): 2812–24. doi:10.1172/JCI30804. PMC 1978424. PMID 17885681. 

External links

• MYLK protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Non-muscle myosin light chain promotes endothelial progenitor cells senescence and dysfunction in pulmonary hypertensive rats through up-regulation of NADPH oxidase.

• Liu B1, Li T2, Peng JJ3, Zhang JJ4, Liu WQ5, Luo XJ6, Ma QL5, Gong ZC7, Peng J8.
• European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2016 Mar 15;775:67-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.022. Epub 2016 Feb 9.
• Non-muscle myosin regulatory light chain (nmMLC20) is reported to exert transcriptional function in regulation of gene expression, and NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species contribute to vascular remodeling of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). This study aims to determine if nmMLC20
• PMID 26872992

• TNF-α Modulation of Intestinal Tight Junction Permeability Is Mediated by NIK/IKK-α Axis Activation of the Canonical NF-κB Pathway.

• Al-Sadi R1, Guo S1, Ye D1, Rawat M1, Ma TY2.
• The American journal of pathology.Am J Pathol.2016 Mar 4. pii: S0002-9440(16)00077-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.016. [Epub ahead of print]
• Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a key mediator of intestinal inflammation, causes an increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) permeability by activating myosin light chain kinase (MLCK; official name MYLK3) gene. However, the precise signaling cascades that mediate the TNF-α-induced ac
• PMID 26948423

• The N-terminal Acetyltransferase Naa10/ARD1 Does Not Acetylate Lysine Residues.

• Magin RS1, March ZM2, Marmorstein R3.
• The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2016 Mar 4;291(10):5270-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.709428. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
• The N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA is a heterodimeric complex consisting of a catalytic subunit (Naa10/ARD1) and an auxiliary subunit (Naa15). NatA co-translationally acetylates the N termini of a wide variety of nascent polypeptides. In addition, Naa10 can act independently to posttranslationall
• PMID 26755727

Japanese Journal

• 気管支平滑筋の収縮調節機構

• アレルギー 66(6), 798-803, 2017
• NAID 130005757870

• 1D17 細胞外マイクロ溝状構造がミオシン調節軽鎖のリン酸化に及ぼす影響

• バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集 2016(28), "1D17-1"-"1D17-4", 2016-01-09
• NAID 110010052044

• MYPT1 isoforms expressed in HEK293T cells are differentially phosphorylated after GTPγS treatment

• Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｓｍｏｏｔｈ　Ｍｕｓｃｌｅ　Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ 52(0), 66-77, 2016
• NAID 130005420706

Related Links

• Myosin light-chain kinaseとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

^RCSB Protein Data Bank - Structure Summary for 3KF9 - Crystal structure of the SdCen/skMLCK complex". ^ "RCSB Protein Data Bank - Structure Summary for 2X4F - The Crystal Structure of the Human Myosin Light Chain ...

• Ontogenesis of Myosin Light Chain Kinase mRNA and ...

We previously reported in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle that maximal shortening velocity decreases from 3 weeks of age to adulthood. It is not known whether myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a key enzyme ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ミオシン軽鎖キナーゼ」「MLCK」
関連記事	「light」「chain」「kinase」「lighting」

「ミオシン軽鎖キナーゼ」

　　[★]

英

myosin light chain kinase, MLCK

同

ミオシンL鎖キナーゼII

関

ミオシン軽鎖

「MLCK」

　　[★]

ミオシン軽鎖キナーゼ

関

myosin light chain kinase

「light」

　　[★]

• n.

• 光、光線、見地、

• adj.

• (比較級lighter)軽い、明るい

関

bright、photic、photoradiation、point of view、ray、viewpoint、visible light、visible radiation

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「chain」

　　[★]

• n.

• 鎖、チェーン

• adj.

• 鎖状の、鎖式の

関

open-chain、strand

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「kinase」

　　[★] キナーゼ カイネース リン酸化酵素 phosphoenzyme phosphotransferase 　

「lighting」

　　[★]

• n.

• 照明

関

illumination