WordNet

summon to court
the ability and desire to purchase goods and services; "the automobile reduced the demand for buggywhips"; "the demand exceeded the supply"
the act of demanding; "the kidnappers exorbitant demands for money"
an urgent or peremptory request; "his demands for attention were unceasing"
claim as due or just; "The bank demanded payment of the loan" (同)exact
ask to be informed of; "I demand an explanation"
lay legal claim to
request urgently and forcefully; "The victims family is demanding compensation"; "The boss demanded that he be fired immediately"; "She demanded to see the manager"
a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earths crust (同)O, atomic number 8
requiring more than usually expected or thought due; especially great patience and effort and skill; "found the job very demanding"; "a baby can be so demanding"
of or relating to the myocardium

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈人が〉(権利として強く)…‘を'『求める』,せがむ / 〈物事が〉…‘を'『必要とする』,要する(need) / 〈C〉『要求』,請求 / 〈U〉(…の)『需要』《+『for』+『名』》 / 請求(要求)のありしだい
『酸素』(化学記号はO)
過度(不当)に要求する;骨の折れる

UpToDate Contents

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1. 狭心症：心筋虚血による胸痛 angina pectoris chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia
2. 酸素維持装置 oxygen conserving devices
3. 無症候性心筋虚血：疫学および病因 silent myocardial ischemia epidemiology and pathogenesis
4. 心筋虚血患者または非代償性心不全患者における緊急手術の麻酔 anesthesia for urgent surgery in patients with myocardial ischemia or decompensated heart failure
5. ST上昇型心筋梗塞の非急性期マネージメントの概要 overview of the non acute management of st elevation myocardial infarction

English Journal

Effects of whole-body vibration exercise training on aortic wave reflection and muscle strength in postmenopausal women with prehypertension and hypertension.

Figueroa A, Kalfon R, Madzima TA, Wong A.Author information Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.AbstractIncreased wave reflection (augmented pressure (AP) and augmentation index (AIx)) and reduced muscle strength may increase cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. We evaluated the effects of whole-body vibration exercise training (WBVET) on aortic haemodynamics and leg muscle strength. Twenty-eight postmenopausal women (age, 56±3 years; brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP) 138±12 mm Hg; body mass index, 33.9±3.7 kg m(-2)) were randomized to 6 weeks of WBVET (n=15) or no-exercise control groups. Aortic SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), AP, AIx, tension time index (TTI, myocardial oxygen demand) and leg press muscle strength were measured before and after 6 weeks. WBVET significantly (P<0.05) decreased aortic SBP (∼10 mm Hg), DBP (∼5 mm Hg), PP (∼5 mm Hg), AP (∼5 mm Hg), AIx (∼10%) and TTI (∼311 mm Hg s per minute), while increased muscle strength (∼9%) compared with no changes after control. Changes in AP and leg muscle strength were correlated (r=-0.58, P=0.02). Our data demonstrated that WBVET reduced pressure wave reflection magnitude and aortic blood pressure in postmenopausal women with prehypertension or hypertension. Our study suggests that WBVET may decrease cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women by improving wave reflection and muscle strength.
Journal of human hypertension.J Hum Hypertens.2014 Feb;28(2):118-22. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2013.59. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
Increased wave reflection (augmented pressure (AP) and augmentation index (AIx)) and reduced muscle strength may increase cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. We evaluated the effects of whole-body vibration exercise training (WBVET) on aortic haemodynamics and leg muscle strength. Twenty-ei
PMID 23823582

Clinical characteristics, etiology and occurrence of type 2 acute myocardial infarction.

Szymanski FM, Karpinski G, Platek AE, Majstrak F, Hrynkiewicz-Szymanska A, Kotkowski M, Puchalski B, Filipiak KJ, Opolski G.Author information Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. f.szymanski@post.pl.AbstractBACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease are the leading cause of death worldwide. One of the most important diseases in this group is myocardial infarction. According to the Universal Definition developed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) myocardial infarction is divided into five main types basing on its cause. Type 2 myocardial infarction is secondary to ischemia due to either increased demand or decreased supply of oxygen (in example due to coronary artery spasm, anaemia, arrhythmia, coronary embolism, hypertension, or hypotension).
Kardiologia polska.Kardiol Pol.2014 Jan 10. doi: 10.5603/KP.a2013.0284. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease are the leading cause of death worldwide. One of the most important diseases in this group is myocardial infarction. According to the Universal Definition developed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) myocardial infarction is divided into five main types ba
PMID 24142753

Pathophysiological mechanisms of catecholamine and cocaine-mediated cardiotoxicity.

Liaudet L, Calderari B, Pacher P.Author information Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Burn Center, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University Hospital Medical Center, BH 08-621, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland, lucas.liaudet@chuv.ch.AbstractOveractivation of the sympatho-adrenergic system is an essential mechanism providing short-term adaptation to the stressful conditions of critical illnesses. In the same way, the administration of exogenous catecholamines is mandatory to support the failing circulation in acutely ill patients. In contrast to these short-term benefits, prolonged adrenergic stress is detrimental to the cardiovascular system by initiating a series of adverse effects triggering significant cardiotoxicity, whose pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and only partially elucidated. In addition to the development of myocardial oxygen supply/demand imbalance induced by the sustained activation of adrenergic receptors, catecholamines can damage cardiomyocytes by fostering mitochondrial dysfunction, via two main mechanisms. The first one is calcium overload, consecutive to β-adrenergic receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase A and subsequent phosphorylation of multiple Ca2+-cycling proteins. The second one is oxidative stress, primarily related to the transformation of catecholamines into "aminochromes," which undergo redox cycling in mitochondria to generate copious amounts of oxygen-derived free radicals. In turn, calcium overload and oxidative stress promote mitochondrial permeability transition and cardiomyocyte cell death, both via the apoptotic and necrotic pathways. Comparable mechanisms of myocardial toxicity, including marked oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, have been reported with the use of cocaine, a common recreational drug with potent sympathomimetic activity. The aim of the current review is to present in detail the pathophysiological processes underlying the development of catecholamine and cocaine-induced cardiomyopathy, as such conditions may be frequently encountered in the clinical practice of cardiologists and ICU specialists.
Heart failure reviews.Heart Fail Rev.2014 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Overactivation of the sympatho-adrenergic system is an essential mechanism providing short-term adaptation to the stressful conditions of critical illnesses. In the same way, the administration of exogenous catecholamines is mandatory to support the failing circulation in acutely ill patients. In co
PMID 24398587

Japanese Journal

急性ストレスと心血管障害--自律神経系を中心としたストレス反応と生理学的指標を含めて

入江正洋
健康科学 33, 1-12, 2011
… Psychilogical stress produces significant increases in heart rate and blood pressure that may lead to increased myocardial oxygen demand and plaque disruption. …
NAID 40018818038