mycotic infection

真菌感染症、真菌感染

関

fungal infection

WordNet

1. (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
2. (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
3. the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
4. (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
5. moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
6. an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/11 10:12:28」(JST)

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"Mycoses" redirects here. For the journal, see Mycoses (journal).

Mycosis
Micrograph showing a mycosis (aspergillosis). The Aspergillus (which is spaghetti-like) is seen in the center and surrounded by inflammatory cells and necrotic debris. H&E stain.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Infectious disease
ICD-10	B35-B49
ICD-9-CM	110-118.99
DiseasesDB	28821
MeSH	D009181

Mycosis (plural: mycoses) is a fungal infection of animals, including humans. Mycoses are common and a variety of environmental and physiological conditions can contribute to the development of fungal diseases. Inhalation of fungal spores or localized colonization of the skin may initiate persistent infections; therefore, mycoses often start in the lungs or on the skin.

Fungal infections of the skin was the 4th most common disease in 2010 affecting 984 million people.

Causes

Antibiotics are a risk factor for fungal infections.

Individuals with weakened immune systems are also at risk of developing fungal infections. This is the case of people with HIV/AIDS, people under steroid treatments, and people taking chemotherapy. People with diabetes also tend to develop fungal infections. Very young and very old people, also, are groups at risk.

Classification

Mycoses are classified according to the tissue levels initially colonized.

Superficial mycoses

Superficial mycoses are limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair.

An example of such a fungal infection is Tinea versicolor, a fungus infection that commonly affects the skin of young people, especially the chest, back, and upper arms and legs. Tinea versicolor is caused by a fungus that lives in the skin of some adults. It does not usually affect the face. This fungus produces spots that are either lighter than the skin or a reddish-brown. This fungus exists in two forms, one of them causing visible spots. Factors that can cause the fungus to become more visible include high humidity, as well as immune or hormone abnormalities. However, almost all people with this very common condition are healthy.

Cutaneous mycoses

Cutaneous mycoses extend deeper into the epidermis, and also include invasive hair and nail diseases. These diseases are restricted to the keratinized layers of the skin, hair, and nails. Unlike the superficial mycoses, host immune responses may be evoked resulting in pathologic changes expressed in the deeper layers of the skin. The organisms that cause these diseases are called dermatophytes. The resulting diseases are often called ringworm (even though there is no worm involved) or tinea. Cutaneous mycoses are caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton fungi, which together comprise 41 species.

One common disease is the athlete's foot which most commonly affects children before puberty. It is divided in three categories: chronic interdigital athlete's foot, chronic scaly athlete's foot, and acute vesicular athlete's foot.

Subcutaneous mycoses

Subcutaneous mycoses involve the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and fascia. These infections are chronic and can be initiated by piercing trauma to the skin which allows the fungi to enter. These infections are difficult to treat and may require surgical interventions such as debridement.

Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens

Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens originate primarily in the lungs and may spread to many organ systems. Organisms that cause systemic mycoses are inherently virulent. In general primary pathogens that cause systemic mycoses are dimorphic.

Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens

Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens are infections of patients with immune deficiencies who would otherwise not be infected. Examples of immunocompromised conditions include AIDS, alteration of normal flora by antibiotics, immunosuppressive therapy, and metastatic cancer. Examples of opportunistic mycoses include Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis and Aspergillosis.

Prevention

Keeping the skin clean and dry, as well as maintaining good hygiene, will help larger topical mycoses. Because fungal infections are contagious, it is important to wash after touching other people or animals. Sports clothing should also be washed after use.

Treatment

Antifungal drugs are used to treat mycoses. Depending on the nature of the infection, a topical or systemic agent may be used.

Example of antifungals include: fluconazole which is the basis of many over-the-counter antifungal treatments. Another example is amphotericin B which is more potent and used in the treatment of the most severe fungal infections that show resistance to other forms of treatment and it is administered intravenously.

Drugs to treat skin infections are ketoconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine among others.

Yeast infections in the vagina, caused by Candida albicans, can be treated with medicated suppositories such as tioconazole and pessaries whereas skin yeast infections are treated with medicated ointments.

Epidemiology

Fungal infections of the skin were the 4th most common skin disease in 2010 affecting 984 million people.

See also

• Pathogenic fungi
• Fungal infection in plants#Fungi
• Zygomycosis

References

External links

• Guide to Fungal Infections - Patient-oriented, educational website written by dermatologists.
• Doctor Fungus - An educational website sponsored through unrestricted educational grants by numerous pharmaceutical companies

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 感染性（真菌）大動脈瘤の概要 overview of infected mycotic arterial aneurysm
• 2. 感染性心内膜炎の合併症および転帰 complications and outcome of infective endocarditis
• 3. 肺炎桿菌（肺炎クレブシエラ）感染症の臨床的特徴、診断、および治療 clinical features diagnosis and treatment of klebsiella pneumoniae infection
• 4. 妊娠していない成人におけるB群レンサ球菌感染症 group b streptococcal infections in nonpregnant adults
• 5. エルシニア感染症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of yersinia infections

English Journal

• Exophiala angulospora Causes Systemic Mycosis in Atlantic Halibut: a Case Report.

• Overy DP1, Groman D, Giles J, Duffy S, Rommens M, Johnson G.
• Journal of aquatic animal health.J Aquat Anim Health.2015 Mar;27(1):12-9. doi: 10.1080/08997659.2014.953266.
• Abstract Filamentous black yeasts from the genus Exophiala are ubiquitous, opportunistic pathogens causing both superficial and systemic mycoses in warm- and cold-blooded animals. Infections by black yeasts have been reported relatively frequently in a variety of captive and farmed freshwater and ma
• PMID 25496596

• Medicinal plants from the genus Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae)-A review of their ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry.

• Seebaluck R1, Gurib-Fakim A2, Mahomoodally F3.
• Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2015 Jan 15;159C:137-157. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.040. Epub 2014 Oct 30.
• ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Acalypha is the fourth largest genus of the Euphorbiaceae family with approximately 450-570 species. Several Acalypha species are used as medicinal plants in Africa and in the Mascarene Islands. Almost every part of the plant including the leaves, stem and roots are u
• PMID 25446604

• Mycotic Popliteal Aneurysm Rupture Secondary to Campylobacter fetus.

• Melendez BA1, Hollis HW Jr2, Rehring TF3.
• Annals of vascular surgery.Ann Vasc Surg.2015 Jan;29(1):122.e9-122.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.05.021. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
• BACKGROUND: Mycotic aneurysms of the popliteal artery are uncommon. Popliteal aneurysms rarely rupture. The authors present the second reported case of popliteal artery rupture as a result of Campylobacter fetus infection. This report confirms the arterial destructive potential of C. fetus infection
• PMID 24930978

Japanese Journal

• Rapidly Progressing Mycotic Aortic Aneurysm

• Murakami Isao,Kou Tadayuki,Oda Yayoi,Yazumi Shujiro
• Internal Medicine 50(2), 161-161, 2011
• NAID 130000413217

• 手術の工夫 大動脈基部置換術後感染性仮性動脈瘤に用いたrifampicin浸漬人工血管

• 二神 大介,向井 省吾,尾畑 昇悟 [他]
• 胸部外科 63(11), 995-998, 2010-10
• NAID 40017317133

Related Links

• Mycotic infection - definition of Mycotic infection by Medical ...

mycosis [mi-ko´sis] any disease caused by fungi. mycosis fungoi´des a chronic or rapidly progressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (formerly thought to be ... Higher incidences of urinary tract infections, genital mycotic infections ...

• Mycotic infection - definition of Mycotic infection by The Free ...

my·co·sis (mī-kō′sĭs) n. pl. my·co·ses (-sēz) 1. A fungal infection in or on a part of the body. 2. A disease caused by a fungus. mycosis (maɪˈkəʊsɪs) n 1. (Pathology) any infection or disease caused by fungus mycotic adj my•co ...

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関連記事	「infection」「mycotic」

「infection」

　　[★]

• n.

• 感染、伝染、感染症

関

contagion、infect、infectious disease、infestation、transmission、transmit

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「mycotic」

　　[★]

• 糸状菌の

関

filamentous bacterium、filamentous fungi