mycotic

• 糸状菌の

関

filamentous bacterium、filamentous fungi

WordNet

1. of or relating to or characteristic of blastomycosis
2. of or related to actinomycosis infection

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/01 21:36:32」(JST)

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"Mycoses" redirects here. For the journal, see Mycoses (journal).

Mycosis
Micrograph showing a mycosis (aspergillosis). The Aspergillus (which is spaghetti-like) is seen in the center and surrounded by inflammatory cells and necrotic debris. H&E stain.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Infectious disease
ICD-10	B35-B49
ICD-9-CM	110-118.99
DiseasesDB	28821
MeSH	D009181

Mycosis (plural: mycoses) is a fungal infection of animals, including humans. Mycoses are common and a variety of environmental and physiological conditions can contribute to the development of fungal diseases. Inhalation of fungal spores or localized colonization of the skin may initiate persistent infections; therefore, mycoses often start in the lungs or on the skin.

Fungal infections of the skin was the 4th most common disease in 2010 affecting 984 million people.

Causes

Individuals being treated with antibiotics are at higher risk of fungal infections.

Individuals with weakened immune systems are also at risk of developing fungal infections. This is the case of people with HIV/AIDS, people under steroid treatments, and people taking chemotherapy. People with diabetes also tend to develop fungal infections. Very young and very old people, also, are groups at risk. Although all are at risk of developing fungal infections, the likelihood is higher in these groups.

Classification

Mycoses are classified according to the tissue levels initially colonized.

Superficial mycoses

Superficial mycoses are limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair.

An example of such a fungal infection is Tinea versicolor, a fungus infection that commonly affects the skin of young people, especially the chest, back, and upper arms and legs. Tinea versicolor is caused by a fungus that lives in the skin of some adults. It does not usually affect the face. This fungus produces spots that are either lighter than the skin or a reddish-brown. This fungus exists in two forms, one of them causing visible spots. Factors that can cause the fungus to become more visible include high humidity, as well as immune or hormone abnormalities. However, almost all people with this very common condition are healthy.

Cutaneous mycoses

Cutaneous mycoses extend deeper into the epidermis, and also include invasive hair and nail diseases. These diseases are restricted to the keratinized layers of the skin, hair, and nails. Unlike the superficial mycoses, host immune responses may be evoked resulting in pathologic changes expressed in the deeper layers of the skin. The organisms that cause these diseases are called dermatophytes. The resulting diseases are often called ringworm (even though there is no worm involved) or tinea. Cutaneous mycoses are caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton fungi, which together comprise 41 species.

One common disease is the athlete's foot which most commonly affects children before puberty. It is divided in three categories: chronic interdigital athlete's foot, chronic scaly athlete's foot, and acute vesicular athlete's foot.

Subcutaneous mycoses

Subcutaneous mycoses involve the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and fascia. These infections are chronic and can be initiated by piercing trauma to the skin which allows the fungi to enter. These infections are difficult to treat and may require surgical interventions such as debridement.

Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens

Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens originate primarily in the lungs and may spread to many organ systems. Organisms that cause systemic mycoses are inherently virulent. In general primary pathogens that cause systemic mycoses are dimorphic.

Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens

Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens are infections of patients with immune deficiencies who would otherwise not be infected. Examples of immunocompromised conditions include AIDS, alteration of normal flora by antibiotics, immunosuppressive therapy, and metastatic cancer. Examples of opportunistic mycoses include Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis and Aspergillosis.

Prevention

Keeping the skin clean and dry, as well as maintaining good hygiene, will help larger topical mycoses. Because fungal infections are contagious, it is important to wash after touching other people or animals. Sports clothing should also be washed after use.

Treatment

Antifungal drugs are used to treat mycoses. Depending on the nature of the infection, a topical or systemic agent may be used.

Example of antifungals include: fluconazole which is the basis of many over-the-counter antifungal treatments. Another example is amphotericin B which is more potent and used in the treatment of the most severe fungal infections that show resistance to other forms of treatment and it is administered intravenously.

Drugs to treat skin infections are the azoles: ketoconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine among others.

Yeast infections in the vagina, caused by Candida albicans, can be treated with medicated suppositories such as tioconazole and pessaries whereas skin yeast infections are treated with medicated ointments.

Epidemiology

Fungal infections of the skin were the 4th most common skin disease in 2010 affecting 984 million people.

See also

• Pathogenic fungi
• Fungal infection in plants#Fungi
• Zygomycosis

References

External links

• Guide to Fungal Infections - Patient-oriented, educational website written by dermatologists.
• Doctor Fungus - An educational website sponsored through unrestricted educational grants by numerous pharmaceutical companies

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Mycotic aneurysm caused by Graphium species in a dog.

• Murata Y1, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Nakashima K, Hanafusa Y, Ikezawa M, Sugita T, Nakayama H.
• The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.J Vet Med Sci.2015 May 3. [Epub ahead of print]
• A 10-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog exhibited vomiting, lethargy and anorexia. An abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a focal dilation of the abdominal aorta. The dog died 2 days after examination, and necropsy revealed a ruptured aneurysm at the abdominal aorta between the kidneys. H
• PMID 25947562

• Successful treatment of a mycotic multifocal thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm as a late sequelae of intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin therapy: case report and literature review.

• Davis FM1, Miller DJ1, Newton D1, Arya S2, Escobar GA3.
• Annals of vascular surgery.Ann Vasc Surg.2015 May;29(4):840.e9-840.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.12.020. Epub 2015 Feb 28.
• Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live, attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis commonly used for the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma. Intravesical BCG is well tolerated despite side effects that range from hematuria to sepsis syndrome. A very rare complication is vascular infection de
• PMID 25736202

• Successful emergent endovascular repair of a ruptured mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm.

• Heneghan RE1, Singh N2, Starnes BW2.
• Annals of vascular surgery.Ann Vasc Surg.2015 May;29(4):843.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.12.035. Epub 2015 Feb 28.
• BACKGROUND: Mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysms are a life-threatening diagnosis and carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality in the perioperative setting. Traditional open repair consists of debridement, drainage, and either in situ or extra-anatomic bypass. Acute rupture portends a dismal progno
• PMID 25733223

Japanese Journal

• 症例 Saccharomyces cerevisiaeによる上行大動脈人工血管感染を伴った感染性大動脈瘤の1例

• 感染症学雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 91(1), 31-35, 2017-01
• NAID 40021084377

• 喉頭軟化症に喉頭浮腫を合併した高IgE 症候群の2 か月女児例

• 天理医学紀要 19(1), 44-50, 2016
• NAID 130005165178

• Huge Mycotic Abdominal Aneurysm with Nerve Irritation

• Internal Medicine 55(12), 1681-1682, 2016
• NAID 130005157660

Related Links

• Mycotic | Define Mycotic at Dictionary.com

Bttcher's98 view that gastric ulcer is of mycotic origin, being produced by micrococci, has thus far met with no confirmation.

• Mycotic | definition of mycotic by Medical dictionary

mycotic [mi-kot´ik] pertaining to a mycosis; caused by fungi. my·cot·ic (mī-kot'ik), Relating to or caused by a fungus. mycotic /my·cot·ic/ (mi-kot´ik) 1. pertaining to mycosis. 2. caused by a fungus. my·cot·ic (mī-kŏt′ĭk) adj. 1.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「filamentous bacterium」
拡張検索	「antimycotic」「antimycotics」「antimycotic agent」「mycotic infection」

「filamentous bacterium」

　　[★]

糸状菌

関

filamentous fungi、mycotic

「antimycotic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 抗真菌の

• n.

• 抗真菌薬、抗真菌剤

関

antifungal、antifungal agent、antifungal drug、antifungals、antimycotic agent、antimycotics

「antimycotics」

　　[★]

抗真菌薬、抗真菌剤

関

antifungal、antifungal agent、antifungal drug、antifungals、antimycotic、antimycotic agent

「antimycotic agent」

　　[★]

• 抗真菌薬、抗真菌剤

関

antifungal、antifungal agent、antifungal drug、antifungals、antimycotic、antimycotics

「mycotic infection」

　　[★]

真菌感染症、真菌感染

関

fungal infection