WordNet

a special situation; "this thing has got to end"; "it is a remarkable thing"
a separate and self-contained entity
an action; "how could you do such a thing?"
an artifact; "how does this thing work?"
an entity that is not named specifically; "I couldnt tell what the thing was"
any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence; "the thing I like about her is ..."
a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion; "he has a thing about seafood"; "she has a thing about him"
a special abstraction; "a thing of the spirit"; "things of the heart"
a special objective; "the thing is to stay in bounds"
a statement regarded as an object; "to say the same thing in other terms"; "how can you say such a thing?"
an event; "a funny thing happened on the way to the..."
push with the shoulders; "He shouldered his way into the crowd"
a narrow edge of land (usually unpaved) along the side of a road; "the car pulled off onto the shoulder" (同)berm
the part of a garment that covers or fits over the shoulder; "an ornamental gold braid on the shoulder of his uniform"
a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula (同)shoulder_joint, articulatio humeri
a cut of meat including the upper joint of the foreleg
the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm
carry a burden, either real or metaphoric; "shoulder the burden"
lift onto ones shoulders
make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"

PrepTutorEJDIC

《時制の一致によるshallの過去形》・《単純未来》・《意志未来》・《義務・当然・勧誘》・《should+原形》『すべきである』,するのが当然である,しなくてはならない・《should have+過去分詞》 …『すべきだった[のに]』,するのが当然であった[のに] ・《見込み・当然の結果》・《should+原形》 …『のはずである』,きっと…だろう・《should have+過去分詞》 …『して[しまって]いる(した)はずだ』,きっと…してしまっているだろう・《疑問詞とともに用いて,意外・不可解・驚きなど》『いったい…かしら』・《仮定条件に対する帰結節に用いて》・《一人称主語とともに》《現在または未来に反する仮定に対して》…『だろうに』,なのだが:《should have+過去に反する仮定に対して》 …『だったろうに』,したのだが・《二,三人称主語とともに》…させるのだが,したのだが・《条件節・譲歩節に用いて》『万一…だとしたら』(だとしても) ・《一人称主語とともに用いて,控え目で遠回しな表現として》…『したいが』,…するところが・《感情・判断などの表現に続くthat節に用いて》 …『するとは』,だなんて・《命令・提案・願望などの表現に続くthat節に用いて》 …『するように』,であることを / ・《目的を表す副詞節に用いて》 …する[ように];…しない[ように],してはいけない[から]
〈C〉(形のある)『物』,物体;(生物に対しての)『無生物』 / 〈C〉(形のない)『もの』,事,事柄,でき事 / 《複数形で》事情,事態,状勢,状況 / 《複数形で》(すべての)事物,事柄 / 《通例 the~》(努力・活動などの)目的,目標 / 〈C〉衣服,衣類・《one's things》持ち物,所持品,身の回り品 / 《複数形で》道具,用具・〈C〉《親愛・哀れみ・軽べつなどの感情をこめて》人,者,やつ / 《the~》《話》(…の)流行《+in+名》
『肩』;《複数形で》(両肩を含む)上背部 / 《複数形で》(責任・重荷を負う)『双肩』,責任を負う能力 / 『肩に似た部分』;(服の)肩[の部分];(山などの)肩;(道路の)肩 / 肩肉 / …‘を'肩で押す / 〈物〉‘を'かつぐ,背負う / 肩で押す,肩で押し分けて進む
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》

UpToDate Contents

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1. 肩部の身体診察 physical examination of the shoulder
2. 肩関節の訴えがある患者の評価 evaluation of the patient with shoulder complaints
3. 肩関節周囲炎（癒着性関節包炎） frozen shoulder adhesive capsulitis
4. Approach to neck stiffness in children
5. 肩インピンジメント症候群 shoulder impingement syndrome

English Journal

Varicella zoster virus triggers the immunopathology of giant cell arteritis.

Gilden D1, Nagel MA.
Current opinion in rheumatology.Curr Opin Rheumatol.2016 Jul;28(4):376-82. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000292.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a severe form of vasculitis in the elderly. The recent discovery of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in the temporal arteries and adjacent skeletal muscle of patients with GCA, and the rationale and strategy for antiviral and corticosteroid treatment for
PMID 27224742

Complications of Distal Biceps Repair.

Garon MT1, Greenberg JA2.
The Orthopedic clinics of North America.Orthop Clin North Am.2016 Apr;47(2):435-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2015.10.003.
Modern techniques to repair the distal biceps tendon include one-incision and 2-incision techniques that use transosseous sutures, suture anchors, interference screws, and/or cortical buttons to achieve a strong repair of the distal biceps brachii. Repair using these techniques has led to improved f
PMID 26772952

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in proximal humeral fractures: one-year results of a prospective multicenter study.

Falez F1, Papalia M2, Greco A2, Teti A3, Favetti F3, Panegrossi G3, Casella F3, Necozione S4.
International orthopaedics.Int Orthop.2016 Mar;40(3):579-85. doi: 10.1007/s00264-015-3069-z. Epub 2015 Dec 19.
PURPOSE: The aim of this multicentric study was to evaluate results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for proximal humeral fractures in terms of postoperative shoulder function, radiological outcome and number of complications.METHODS: A consecutive series of 76 patients with proxima
PMID 26686493

Japanese Journal

Effects of Products Containing <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> var. <i>natto</i> on Healthy Subjects with Neck and Shoulder Stiffness, a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Study