出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/13 13:26:11」(JST)
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| Mummichog | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cyprinodontiformes |
| Family: | Fundulidae |
| Genus: | Fundulus |
| Species: | F. heteroclitus |
| Binomial name | |
| Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus, 1766) |
|
The mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, is a small killifish found in the eastern United States. Also known as mummies, gudgeons, and mud minnows, these fish are found in brackish and coastal waters including estuaries and salt marshes along the eastern seaboard of the United States as well as the Atlantic coast of Canada. It is noted for its hardiness and ability to tolerate highly variable salinity, temperature fluctuations from 6 °C to 35 °C (43 °F to 95 °F), and for its ability to withstand very low oxygen levels, a wide variety of toxins, and survive in heavily polluted ecosystems. The mummichog is a popular research subject in embryological, physiological, and toxicological studies.
There are two subspecies:
Mummichogs are typically found in muddy marshes, channels, and grass flats along coastal areas. They travel in schools that may contain hundreds of individuals. Indeed, the name mummichog is derived from a Native American term which means "going in crowds".[citation needed]
The mummichog spawns on new and full moons in the spring and summer. Its eggs are laid near the high tide mark in empty mollusk shells or on dead vegetation and can tolerate long-term exposure to air. Typically mummichogs reach sexual maturity during their second year and live for a total of three years.[1]
Because of the extreme hardiness of the species, it is sometimes the only species found in severely polluted and oxygen-deprived streams, such as the Elizabeth River in Virginia, and the Hackensack River and the Arthur Kill in New Jersey during the height of the water pollution problem in the United States.
Mummichogs are hosts to a parasitic fluke, Homalometron pallidum, which has a complex life cycle which also involves the aquatic snail, Hydrobia minuta.[2]
Fundulus heteroclitus taken in the Chesapeake Bay
Female from Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| リンク元 | 「killifish」「Fundulus」「topminnow」「Fundulidae」「マミチョグ」 |