WordNet

having or involving or consisting of more than one part or entity or individual; "multiple birth"; "multiple ownership"; "made multiple copies of the speech"; "his multiple achievements in public life"; "her multiple personalities"; "a pineapple is a multiple fruit"
the product of a quantity by an integer; "36 is a multiple of 9"
use recreational drugs (同)do drugs
administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist" (同)dose
a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
impervious to being affected; "resistant to the effects of heat"; "resistant to persuasion"
(microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants (同)bacterium

PrepTutorEJDIC

多数の部分(要素)から成る,複合の,複式の / 倍数
『薬』,薬品,薬剤 / 『麻薬』,麻酔剤 / 〈人〉‘に'薬(特に麻酔剤)を与える / 〈飲食物〉‘に'(麻酔薬・毒薬などの)薬を混ぜる
抵抗力のある;(…に)抵抗する《+『to』+『名』》
『バクテリア』,細菌

UpToDate Contents

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1. 薬物アレルギー患者へのアプローチ an approach to the patient with drug allergy
2. HIV薬剤耐性検査アッセイの概要 overview of hiv drug resistance testing assays
3. 抗マラリア剤：概要 antimalarial drugs an overview
4. 成人におけるてんかんのマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of epilepsy in adults
5. トリメトプリムスルファメトキサゾール：概要 trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole an overview

English Journal

Resurrecting inactive antimicrobial peptides from the lipopolysaccharide trap.

Mohanram H1, Bhattacharjya S.Author information 1School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.AbstractHost defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising source of antibiotics for the treatment of multiple-drug-resistant pathogens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, functions as a permeability barrier against a variety of molecules, including AMPs. Further, LPS or endotoxin is the causative agent of sepsis killing 100,000 people per year in the United States alone. LPS can restrict the activity of AMPs inducing aggregations at the outer membrane, as observed for frog AMPs, temporins, and also in model AMPs. Aggregated AMPs, "trapped" by the outer membrane, are unable to traverse the cell wall, causing their inactivation. In this work, we show that these inactive AMPs can overcome LPS-induced aggregations while conjugated with a short LPS binding β-boomerang peptide motif and become highly bactericidal. The generated hybrid peptides exhibit activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in high-salt conditions and detoxify endotoxin. Structural and biophysical studies establish the mechanism of action of these peptides in LPS outer membrane. Most importantly, this study provides a new concept for the development of a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic with efficient outer membrane disruption as the mode of action.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2014 Apr;58(4):1987-96. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02321-13. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
Host defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising source of antibiotics for the treatment of multiple-drug-resistant pathogens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, functions as a permeability barrier against a v
PMID 24419338

Computer-aided identification of novel 3,5-substituted rhodanine derivatives with activity against Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase.

Werner MM1, Li Z2, Zauhar RJ3.Author information 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. Electronic address: r.zauhar@usciences.edu.AbstractMethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the major drug resistant bacteria that persist in both the community and clinical settings due to resistance to commonly used antimicrobials. This continues to fuel the need for novel compounds that are active against this organism. For this purpose we have targeted the type IIA bacterial topoisomerase, DNA gyrase, an essential enzyme involved in bacterial replication, through the ATP-dependent supercoiling of DNA. The virtual screening tool Shape Signatures was applied to screen a large database for agents with shape similar to Novobiocin, a known gyrase B inhibitor. The binding energetics of the top hits from this initial screen were further validated by molecular docking. Compounds with the highest score on available crystal structure of homologous DNA gyrase from Thermus thermophilus were selected. From this initial set of compounds, several rhodanine-substituted derivatives had the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, as determined by minimal inhibitory concentration assays, with Novobiocin as the positive control. Further activity validation of the rhodanine compounds through biochemical assays confirmed their inhibition of both the supercoiling and the ATPase activity of DNA gyrase. Subsequent docking and molecular dynamics on the crystal structure of DNA gyrase from S. aureus when it became available, provides further rationalization of the observed biochemical activity and understanding of the receptor-ligand interactions. A regression model for MIC prediction against S. aureus is generated based on the current molecules studied as well as other rhodanines derivatives found in the literature.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.Bioorg Med Chem.2014 Apr 1;22(7):2176-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.020. Epub 2014 Feb 27.
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the major drug resistant bacteria that persist in both the community and clinical settings due to resistance to commonly used antimicrobials. This continues to fuel the need for novel compounds that are active against this organism. For thi
PMID 24629449

Nanoscale Structure-Activity Relationships, Mode of Action, and Biocompatibility of Gold Nanoparticle Antibiotics.

Bresee J1, Bond CM, Worthington RJ, Smith CA, Gifford JC, Simpson CA, Carter CJ, Wang G, Hartman J, Osbaugh NA, Shoemaker RK, Melander C, Feldheim DL.Author information 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.AbstractThe emergence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has become a significant global public health threat. Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have become particularly problematic, as no new classes of small-molecule antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria have emerged in over two decades. We have developed a combinatorial screening process for identifying mixed ligand monolayer/gold nanoparticle conjugates (2.4 nm diameter) with antibiotic activity. The method previously led to the discovery of several conjugates with potent activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Here we show that these conjugates are also active against MDR E. coli and MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, we have shown that resistance to these nanoparticles develops significantly more slowly than to a commercial small-molecule drug. These results, combined with their relatively low toxicity to mammalian cells and biocompatibility in vivo, suggest that gold nanoparticles may be viable new candidates for the treatment of MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Journal of the American Chemical Society.J Am Chem Soc.2014 Mar 27. [Epub ahead of print]
The emergence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has become a significant global public health threat. Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have become particularly problematic, as no new classes of small-molecule antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria
PMID 24624950

Japanese Journal

Isolation of multiple drug-resistant enteric bacteria from feces of wild Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon

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Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(5), 619-623, 2015
… Prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in wildlife can reveal the actual level of anthropological burden on the wildlife. … In this study, we isolated two multiple drug-resistant strains, GG6-2 and GG6-1-1, from 27 fresh feces of wild western lowland gorillas in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. …
NAID 130005071875

虫垂炎術後に発症し治療に苦渋した子宮内膜症性嚢胞の膿瘍化の1例

荒木美智子,三村貴志,石川哲也,遠武孝祐,竹中慎,清水華子,飯塚千祥,宮本真豪,森岡幹,関沢明彦
日本産科婦人科内視鏡学会雑誌 30(2), 455-458, 2015
… But, her TOA relapsed as a severe infection of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria. …
NAID 130005066508

Isolation of multiple drug-resistant enteric bacteria from feces of wild Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon

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Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
… Prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in wildlife can reveal the actual level of anthropological burden on the wildlife. … In this study, we isolated two multiple drug-resistant strains, GG6-2 and GG6-1-1, from 27 fresh feces of wild western lowland gorillas in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. …
NAID 130004781084