WordNet

material of a particular kind or constitution; "the immune response recognizes invading substances"
a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties; "shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man"
the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists; "DNA is the substance of our genes"

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〈U〉『物質』,物 / 〈U〉《the~》(…の)『趣旨』,本音《+of+名》 / 〈U〉(スープなどの)濃さ,こく,中身[の詰まっていること] / 〈U〉『実質』,実 / 〈U〉《古》財産,資産

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1. 女性の不妊評価 evaluation of female infertility
2. 健常女性における卵巣の発達および機能不全（閉経） ovarian development and failure menopause in normal women
3. Adrenalectomy: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and traditional open procedures
4. 成人における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の診断 diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults
5. 外陰部異常を有する幼児の評価 evaluation of the infant with ambiguous genitalia

English Journal

Role of anti-Müllerian hormone and bone morphogenetic proteins in the regulation of FSH sensitivity.

Visser JA, Themmen AP.Author information Dept. of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.AbstractThe ovary is under control of the hypothalamus and pituitary through the glycoprotein hormones LH and FSH. These hormones undergo a cyclic variation which results in the selection of the species-specific number of follicles that will ovulate during the cycle. Where LH is the main ovulatory hormone and regulator of corpus luteum function, FSH plays an essential role in the cyclic recruitment of the follicles. Within the microenvironment of the ovary, growth factors affect this dominant control of FSH by regulating the FSH sensitivity of individual follicles. In this review we discuss the role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in this process.
Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2014 Jan 25;382(1):460-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.012. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
The ovary is under control of the hypothalamus and pituitary through the glycoprotein hormones LH and FSH. These hormones undergo a cyclic variation which results in the selection of the species-specific number of follicles that will ovulate during the cycle. Where LH is the main ovulatory hormone a
PMID 23994017

Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: from theory to practice.

La Marca A, Sunkara SK.Author information Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy.AbstractBACKGROUND The main objective of individualization of treatment in IVF is to offer every single woman the best treatment tailored to her own unique characteristics, thus maximizing the chances of pregnancy and eliminating the iatrogenic and avoidable risks resulting from ovarian stimulation. Personalization of treatment in IVF should be based on the prediction of ovarian response for every individual. The starting point is to identify if a woman is likely to have a normal, poor or a hyper response and choose the ideal treatment protocol tailored to this prediction. The objective of this review is to summarize the predictive ability of ovarian reserve markers, such as antral follicle count (AFC) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and the therapeutic strategies that have been proposed in IVF after this prediction. METHODS A systematic review of the existing literature was performed by searching Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library and Web of Science for publications in the English language related to AFC, AMH and their incorporation into controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols in IVF. Literature available to May 2013 was included. RESULTS The search generated 305 citations of which 41 and 25 studies, respectively, reporting the ability of AMH and AFC to predict response to COS were included in this review. The literature review demonstrated that AFC and AMH, the most sensitive markers of ovarian reserve identified to date, are ideal in planning personalized COS protocols. These sensitive markers permit prediction of the whole spectrum of ovarian response with reliable accuracy and clinicians may use either of the two markers as they can be considered interchangeable. Following the categorization of expected ovarian response to stimulation clinicians can adopt tailored therapeutic strategies for each patient. Current scientific trend suggests the elective use of the GnRH antagonist based regimen for hyper-responders, and probably also poor responders, as likely to be beneficial. The selection of the appropriate and individualized gonadotrophin dose is also of paramount importance for effective COS and subsequent IVF outcomes. CONCLUSION Personalized IVF offers several benefits; it enables clinicians to give women more accurate information on their prognosis thus facilitating counselling especially in cases of extremes of ovarian response. The deployment of therapeutic strategies based on selective use of GnRH analogues and the fine tuning of the gonadotrophin dose on the basis of potential ovarian response in every single woman can allow for a safer and more effective IVF practice.
Human reproduction update.Hum Reprod Update.2014 Jan-Feb;20(1):124-40. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmt037. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
BACKGROUND The main objective of individualization of treatment in IVF is to offer every single woman the best treatment tailored to her own unique characteristics, thus maximizing the chances of pregnancy and eliminating the iatrogenic and avoidable risks resulting from ovarian stimulation. Persona
PMID 24077980

Steroids pretreatment in assisted reproduction cycles.

Sobotka V, Streda R, Mardesic T, Tosner J, Heracek J.Author information Department of Urology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic.AbstractThe objective is to present an overview of trials and appreciate the relevant data on the effect of steroids pretreatment (oral contraceptives, 17β-estradiol and estradiol valerate) in assisted reproduction cycles. The subject of the study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics during steroids pretreatment cycles focused on the prevention of ovarian cysts, the positive contraceptive effect on the onset of regular period during long gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist protocol. In gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist protocol the review is interested in supporting ovarian stimulation in low responders, the idea of cycle scheduling and improving treatment outcomes. The method is a review from MEDLINE/Pubmed database between 1994 and July 2012. We identified 15 randomised controlled trials (n=3069 patients). One trail (n=83 patients) assessed GnRH agonist protocol with or without steroids pretreatment, 8 trials (n=1884 patients) assessed GnRH antagonist protocols with or without steroids pretreatment and 6 trials (n=1102 patients) assessed GnRH antagonist protocols versus agonist ones with steroid pretreatment. Data demonstrates that oral contraceptives offer the effective prevention of functional ovarian cysts, the predictable onset of period during desensitisation. Existing data suggest that pretreatment with oral contraceptive pills or estradiol valerate give no advantage concerning number of oocytes or pregnancy rate. Pretreatment with oral contraceptive pills aiming to avoid weekend oocytes retrievals has to be more elucidated. In low responders oral contraceptive pill pretreatment may be beneficial in improving ovarian responses by reducing the amount of gonadotropins and the number of days required for ovarian stimulation. Current research indicates that also 17β-estradiol may be encouraging pretreatment in low responders and in cycle scheduling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Pregnancy and Steroids'.
The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.2014 Jan;139:114-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.04.007. Epub 2013 May 16.
The objective is to present an overview of trials and appreciate the relevant data on the effect of steroids pretreatment (oral contraceptives, 17β-estradiol and estradiol valerate) in assisted reproduction cycles. The subject of the study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics during steroids
PMID 23685395

Japanese Journal

P1-311 早発卵巣不全(POF)および多嚢胞性卵巣症候群(PCOS)におけるMullerian inhibiting substance(MIS)およびFollistatin related gene(FLRG)の遺伝子解析(Group 42 生殖生理・病理I,一般演題,講演要旨,第58回日本産科婦人科学会学術講演会)

竹林浩一,木村文則,高橋健太郎,野田洋一
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 58(2), 474, 2006-02-01
NAID 110005852441

Ovarian cancer side population defines cells with stem cell-like characteristics and Mullerian inhibiting substance responsiveness

SZOTEK PP
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 11154-11159, 2006
NAID 80019009938

MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGUATION OF MULLERIAN INHIBITING SUBSTANCE GENE IN FISH

SHIROZU Tsuyoshi,SHIRAISHI Eri,YOSHINAGA Norifumi,KANAMORI Akira,KUBO Yuko,HORI Hiroshi,ABE Shin-ichi,KITANO Takeshi
Proceedings of the Japan Society for Comparative Endocrinology (20), 84, 2005-11-12
NAID 10016740780