桑実期、桑実胚期

WordNet

perform (a play), especially on a stage; "we are going to stage `Othello" (同)present, represent
a section or portion of a journey or course; "then we embarked on the second stage of our Caribbean cruise" (同)leg
a small platform on a microscope where the specimen is mounted for examination (同)microscope stage
a large platform on which people can stand and can be seen by an audience; "he clambered up onto the stage and got the actors to help him into the box"
any scene regarded as a setting for exhibiting or doing something; "All the worlds a stage"--Shakespeare; "it set the stage for peaceful negotiations"
the theater as a profession (usually `the stage'
plan, organize, and carry out (an event); "the neighboring tribe staged an invasion" (同)arrange
attend a dance or a party without a female companion
adult male deer
getting rid of a stage of a multistage rocket
travel by stagecoach
a solid mass of blastomeres that forms when the zygote splits; develops into the blastula
written for or performed on the stage; "a staged version of the novel"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(劇場・ホールなどの)『舞台』・on stage 舞台上で・《無冠詞》・off stage 舞台の陰で《無冠詞》：ステージ;演壇;《the~》演劇;俳優業,演劇(舞台)の仕事 / (事件・活動などの)『舞台』,場所 / (発達などの)『段階』,時期 / (駅馬車などの止まる)駅,宿場;休憩地;(旅行における休憩地間の)旅程,行程 / =stagecoach / (多段ロケットの)段 / 〈劇〉‘を'『上演する』,〈試合など〉‘を'公開する / (特に劇的に)…‘を'実行する,やってのける
雄ジカ / 《米話》(社交的な集まりに)婦人を同伴しない男 / 男性用の,男性のみ出席する,男性向けの / 女性を同謀しないで
〈U〉足場 / 〈U〉〈C〉(劇の)上演,演出[方法]

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1. 一絨毛膜性双胎妊娠 monoamniotic twin pregnancy
2. 多胎妊娠の新生児の転帰、合併症、およびマネージメント neonatal outcome complications and management of multiple births
3. 双胎妊娠：出産前の問題 twin pregnancy prenatal issues
4. 胎盤の発達および生理学 placental development and physiology
5. 絨毛膜サンプリング検査：リスク、合併症、および手技 chorionic villus sampling risks complications and techniques

English Journal

Dynamic reprogramming of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine during early porcine embryogenesis.

Cao Z1, Zhou N2, Zhang Y2, Zhang Y2, Wu R2, Li Y2, Zhang Y3, Li N1.Author information 1State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.2Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.3Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. Electronic address: yunhaizhang@ahau.edu.cn.AbstractDNA active demethylation is an important epigenetic phenomenon observed in porcine zygotes, yet its molecular origins are unknown. Our results show that 5-methylcytosine (5mC) converts into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) during the first cell cycle in porcine in vivo fertilization (IVV), IVF, and SCNT embryos, but not in parthenogenetically activated embryos. Expression of Ten-Eleven Translocation 1 (TET1) correlates with this conversion. Expression of 5mC gradually decreases until the morula stage; it is only expressed in the inner cell mass, but not trophectoderm regions of IVV and IVF blastocysts. Expression of 5mC in SCNT embryos is ectopically distinct from that observed in IVV and IVF embryos. In addition, 5hmC expression was similar to that of 5mC in IVV cleavage-stage embryos. Expression of 5hmC remained constant in IVF and SCNT embryos, and was evenly distributed among the inner cell mass and trophectoderm regions derived from IVV, IVF, and SCNT blastocysts. Ten-Eleven Translocation 3 was highly expressed in two-cell embryos, whereas TET1 and TET2 were highly expressed in blastocysts. These data suggest that TET1-catalyzed 5hmC may be involved in active DNA demethylation in porcine early embryos. In addition, 5mC, but not 5hmC, participates in the initial cell lineage specification in porcine IVV and IVF blastocysts. Last, SCNT embryos show aberrant 5mC and 5hmC expression during early porcine embryonic development.
Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2014 Feb;81(3):496-508. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.10.025. Epub 2013 Nov 11.
DNA active demethylation is an important epigenetic phenomenon observed in porcine zygotes, yet its molecular origins are unknown. Our results show that 5-methylcytosine (5mC) converts into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) during the first cell cycle in porcine in vivo fertilization (IVV), IVF, and S
PMID 24315686

Global proteomic characterization of uterine histotroph recovered from beef heifers yielding good quality and degenerate day 7 embryos.

Beltman ME1, Mullen MP2, Elia G3, Hilliard M4, Diskin MG5, Evans AC6, Crowe MA7.Author information 1School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: marijke.beltman@ucd.ie.2School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Athenry, County Galway, Ireland.3Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.4Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training, Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland.5Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Athenry, County Galway, Ireland.6School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.7School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Athenry, County Galway, Ireland; Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.AbstractThe objective was to analyze the proteomic composition of uterine flushes collected from beef heifers on day 7 after insemination. Estrus was synchronized in crossbred beef heifers by using a protocol with a controlled intravaginal drug releasing device. Heifers detected in standing estrus (within 24-48 h after removal of controlled intravaginal drug releasing device) were inseminated (estrus = day 0) with frozen-thawed semen from a single ejaculate of a bull with proven fertility. Heifers from which an embryo was recovered (after slaughter on day 7) were classified as either having a viable embryo (morula/blastocyst stage) or a degenerate embryo (arrested at the 2- to 16-cell stage). The overall recovery rate (viable and degenerate combined) was 64%. Global liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry proteomic analysis of the histotroph collected identified 40 high-confidence proteins present on day 7; 26 proteins in the viable group, 10 in the degenerate group, and 4 shared between both groups. Five proteins (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit γ [PAFAH1B3], tubulin α-1D chain, tubulin β-4A chain, cytochrome C, and dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-2) were unique or more abundant in the histotroph collected from animals with a viable embryo, and 1 protein (S100-A4) was more abundant in the histotroph collected from animals with a degenerate embryo. Of interest, PAFAH1B3, detected only in histotroph from the group yielding viable embryos, belongs to the group of platelet-activating factors that are known to be important for the development of the pre-implantation embryo in other species. To our knowledge this is the first report of PAFAH1B3 in relation to bovine early embryonic development.
Domestic animal endocrinology.Domest Anim Endocrinol.2014 Jan;46:49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.10.003. Epub 2013 Oct 14.
The objective was to analyze the proteomic composition of uterine flushes collected from beef heifers on day 7 after insemination. Estrus was synchronized in crossbred beef heifers by using a protocol with a controlled intravaginal drug releasing device. Heifers detected in standing estrus (within 2
PMID 24210454

Protein O-mannosylation is crucial for E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion.

Lommel M, Winterhalter PR, Willer T, Dahlhoff M, Schneider MR, Bartels MF, Renner-Müller I, Ruppert T, Wolf E, Strahl S.Author information Centre for Organismal Studies, Cell Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.AbstractIn recent years protein O-mannosylation has become a focus of attention as a pathomechanism underlying severe congenital muscular dystrophies associated with neuronal migration defects. A key feature of these disorders is the lack of O-mannosyl glycans on α-dystroglycan, resulting in abnormal basement membrane formation. Additional functions of O-mannosylation are still largely unknown. Here, we identify the essential cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein epithelial (E)-cadherin as an O-mannosylated protein and establish a functional link between O-mannosyl glycans and cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. By genetically and pharmacologically blocking protein O-mannosyltransferases, we found that this posttranslational modification is essential for preimplantation development of the mouse embryo. O-mannosylation-deficient embryos failed to proceed from the morula to the blastocyst stage because of defects in the molecular architecture of cell-cell contact sites, including the adherens and tight junctions. Using mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that O-mannosyl glycans are present on E-cadherin, the major cell-adhesion molecule of blastomeres, and present evidence that this modification is generally conserved in cadherins. Further, the use of newly raised antibodies specific for an O-mannosyl-conjugated epitope revealed that these glycans are present on early mouse embryos. Finally, our cell-aggregation assays demonstrated that O-mannosyl glycans are crucial for cadherin-based cell adhesion. Our results redefine the significance of O-mannosylation in humans and other mammals, showing the immense impact of cadherins on normal as well as pathogenic cell behavior.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2013 Dec 24;110(52):21024-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1316753110. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
In recent years protein O-mannosylation has become a focus of attention as a pathomechanism underlying severe congenital muscular dystrophies associated with neuronal migration defects. A key feature of these disorders is the lack of O-mannosyl glycans on α-dystroglycan, resulting in abnormal basem
PMID 24297939

Japanese Journal

Biological Activity of Recombinant Bovine Interferon τ Produced by a Silkworm-Baculovirus Gene Expression System

TAKAHASHI Hitomi,TSUNAZAKI Makoto,HAMANO Takashi,TAKAHASHI Masashi,OKUDA Kiyoshi,INUMARU Shigeki,OKANO Akira,GESHI Masaya,HIRAKO Makoto
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 76(3), 447-451, 2014
… When in vitro produced morula stage embryos were cultured for 72 hr in modified CR1aa medium supplemented with or without rbIFNτ, Bm-rbIFNτ (10 ng/ml) significantly promoted development to the expanded blastocyst stage. …
NAID 130003382378

Effects of Downregulating Oct-4 Transcript by RNA Interference on Early Development of Porcine Embryos

SAKURAI Nobuyuki,FUJII Takashi,HASHIZUME Tsutomu [他],SAWAI Ken
Journal of Reproduction and Development, 353-360, 2013
… Injection of specific siRNA resulted in a distinct decrease in Oct-4 mRNA and protein expression in porcine embryos until at least the morula stage. … Although the porcine embryos injected with Oct-4 siRNA were able to develop to the morula stage, these embryos failed to form blastocysts. …
NAID 130003361038

RNAi-mediated Knockdown of Xist Does Not Rescue the Impaired Development of Female Cloned Mouse Embryos

OIKAWA Mami,MATOBA Shogo,INOUE Kimiko [他],KAMIMURA Satoshi,HIROSE Michiko,OGONUKI Narumi,SHIURA Hirosuke,SUGIMOTO Michihiko,ABE Kuniya,ISHINO Fumitoshi,OGURA Atsuo
Journal of Reproduction and Development 59(3), 231-237, 2013
… In male clones, it was also found that prior injection of Xist-specific siRNA could significantly improve the postimplantation development of cloned embryos as a result of a significant repression of Xist at the morula stage. … RNA FISH analysis revealed that siRNA treatment successfully repressed Xist RNA at the morula stage, as shown by the significant decrease in the number of cloud-type Xist signals in the blastomere nuclei. …
NAID 130003361026