WordNet
- regeneration on a reduced scale of a body part; observed especially in invertebrates such as certain lobsters
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/05/31 21:25:41」(JST)
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Morphallaxis is the regeneration of specific tissue in a variety of organisms due to loss or death of the existing tissue. The word comes from the Greek allakt, which means to exchange.
The classical example of morphallaxis is that of the Cnidarian hydra, where when the animal is severed in two (by actively cutting it with, for example, a surgical knife) the remaining severed sections form two fully functional and independent hydra. The notable feature of morphallaxis is that a large majority of regenerated tissue comes from already-present tissue in the organism. That is, the one severed section of the hydra forms into a smaller version of the original hydra, approximately the same size as the severed section. Hence, there is an "exchange" of tissue.
Researchers Wilson and Child showed circa 1930 that if the hydra was pulped and the disassociated cells passed through a sieve, those cells then put into an aqueous solution would shortly reform into the original organism with all differentiated tissue correctly arranged.[1]
Morphallaxis is often contrasted with epimorphosis, which is characterized by a much greater relative degree of cellular proliferation. Although cellular differentiation is active in both processes, in morphallaxis the majority of the regeneration comes from reorganization or exchange, while in epimorphosis the majority of the regeneration comes from cellular differentiation. Thus, the two may be distinguished as a measure of degree. Epimorphosis is the regeneration of a part of an organism by proliferation at the cut surface.
References [edit]
- ^ H. F. Dunbar: Emotions and Bodily Changes; New York; 1946
English Journal
- Wound repair during arm regeneration in the red starfish Echinaster sepositus.
- Ben Khadra Y1, Ferrario C2, Di Benedetto C2,3, Said K1, Bonasoro F2, Candia Carnevali MD2, Sugni M2.
- Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society.Wound Repair Regen.2015 Jul;23(4):611-22. doi: 10.1111/wrr.12333. Epub 2015 Jul 27.
- Starfish can regenerate entire arms following their loss by both autotomic and traumatic amputation. Although the overall regenerative process has been studied several times in different asteroid species, there is still a considerable gap of knowledge as far as the detailed aspects of the repair pha
- PMID 26111373
- Light and electron microscopic studies of the intestinal epithelium in Notoplana humilis (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida): the contribution of mesodermal/gastrodermal neoblasts to intestinal regeneration.
- Okano D1,2, Ishida S3,4, Ishiguro SI5, Kobayashi K3,4.
- Cell and tissue research.Cell Tissue Res.2015 Jun 24. [Epub ahead of print]
- Some free-living flatworms in the phylum Platyhelminthes possess strong regenerative capability that depends on putative pluripotent stem cells known as neoblasts. These neoblasts are defined based on several criteria, including their proliferative capacity and the presence of cellular components kn
- PMID 26104134
- The "Stars and Stripes" Metaphor for Animal Regeneration-Elucidating Two Fundamental Strategies along a Continuum.
- Rinkevich B1, Rinkevich Y2.
- Cells.Cells.2012 Dec 27;2(1):1-18. doi: 10.3390/cells2010001.
- A number of challenges have hindered the development of a unified theory for metazoan regeneration. To describe the full range of complex regeneration phenomena in Animalia, we suggest that metazoans that regenerate missing body parts exhibit biological attributes that are tailored along a morpho-sp
- PMID 24709641
Japanese Journal
- Unifying principles of regeneration I : Epimorphosis versus morphallaxis
- Agata Kiyokazu,Saito Yumi,Nakajima Elizabeth
- Development, growth & differentiation 49(2), 73-78, 2007-03-01
- NAID 10018878223
- Development of irradiated tunicate buds: Is Cell division cycle required for morphallaxis?
- KAWAMURA Kazuo,HASHIMOTO Koichi,NAKAUCHI Mitsuaki
- Development, growth & differentiation 37(5), 487-496, 1995-10-01
- NAID 10008756595
- Cellular and molecular characterization of transdifferentiation in the process of morphallaxis of budding tunicates
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