単核細胞

WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
having only one nucleus (同)mononucleate

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/01 16:09:09」(JST)

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Monocyte under a light microscope (40x) from a peripheral blood smear surrounded by red blood cells.

Agranulocytes, also known as mononuclear leukocytes, are white blood cells with a one-lobed nucleus. They are characterised by the absence of granules in their cytoplasm, which distinguishes them from granulocytes. Normal hematologic blood values of MLs are about 35% of all white blood cells. An increased number of MLs is an indication of viral infections and chronic inflammatory conditions e.g. infectious mononucleosis.^[1] The 2 types of agranulocytes in the blood circulation are lymphocytes and monocytes. A third type of agranulocyte, the macrophage, is formed in the tissue when monocytes leave the circulation and differentiate into macrophages.

Lymphocytes are much more common in the lymphatic system, and include natural killer T-cells. The blood has three types of lymphocytes: B cells, T cells and natural killer cells (NK cells). B cells make antibodies that bind to pathogens to enable their destruction. CD4+ (helper) T cells co-ordinate the immune response (they are what becomes defective in an HIV infection). CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells and natural killer cells are able to kill cells of the body that are infected by a virus. T cells are crucial to the immune response because they possess a unique 'memory' system which allows them to remember past invaders and prevent disease when a similar invader is encountered again.

Reference ranges for blood tests of white blood cells, comparing mononuclear leukocytes amount (shown in yellow) with other cells.

Monocytes share the "vacuum cleaner" (phagocytosis) function of neutrophils, but are much longer lived as they have an additional role: they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed, or so that an antibody response may be mounted. Monocytes are also known as macrophages after they migrate from the bloodstream and enter tissue.

Other white blood cells which are not agranulocytes are mainly the granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils.

Additional images

Blood cell lineage

References

^ Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7. 8th edition. Page 443

UpToDate Contents

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1. 末梢血塗抹標本の評価evaluation of the peripheral blood smear [show details]
…morphologically distinct lymphoid subset comprising 10 to 15 percent of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These cells are approximately twice the size of red cells, with abundant cytoplasm, a round…
2. 自動血液分析装置automated hematology instrumentation [show details]
…neutrophils and eosinophils ("granulocytes") in the largest size group (>160 fL) Monocytes and other mononuclear cells, including immature granulocytes and a portion of the eosinophils, were found in a smaller intermediate …
3. 成人の急性骨髄性白血病の概要overview of acute myeloid leukemia in adults [show details]
4. 肺リンパ腫様肉芽腫症pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis [show details]
…typically composed of small lymphocytes, plasma cells, and a variable number of large atypical mononuclear cells. The majority of the small lymphocytes are T cells, while large atypical cells are usually B…
5. ランゲルハンス細胞組織球症の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of langerhans cell histiocytosis [show details]
…necrosis with or without Charcot-Leyden crystals. Morphologically, Langerhans cells are large oval mononuclear cells with few cytoplasmic vacuoles, little or no phagocytosed material, and moderately abundant,…

English Journal

Quantification of DNA repair capacity towards oxidatively damaged DNA in subcellular and cellular systems by a nonradioactive cleavage assay.

Hamann I1, Hartwig A.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2015;1208:73-84. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_6.
The identification of appropriate biomarkers for oxidative stress is one major aim in molecular epidemiology. Besides the quantification of specific DNA lesions such as of 8-oxoguanine (8oxoG), another approach consists in the assessment of the repair capacity towards 8oxoG, mediated predominantly b
PMID 25323500

Prediagnostic telomere length and risk of B-cell lymphoma-Results from the EPIC cohort study.

Hosnijeh FS1, Matullo G, Russo A, Guarrera S, Modica F, Nieters A, Overvad K, Guldberg P, Tjønneland A, Canzian F, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Tagliabue G, Tumino R, Panico S, Palli D, Olsen KS, Weiderpass E, Dorronsoro M, Ardanaz E, Chirlaque MD, Sánchez MJ, Quirós JR, Venceslá A, Melin B, Johansson AS, Nilsson P, Borgquist S, Peeters PH, Onland-Moret NC, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Travis RC, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Brennan P, Ferrari P, Gunter MJ, Vineis P, Vermeulen R.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Dec 15;135(12):2910-7. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28934. Epub 2014 May 12.
Recent epidemiological investigations have reported on the association between telomere length (TL) and a number of malignancies, including B-cell lymphoma (BCL). The reported results for BCLs are however inconsistent. We carried out a nested case-control study to determine whether TL is associated
PMID 24771230

Both host and parasite MIF molecules bind to chicken macrophages via CD74 surface receptor.

Kim S1, Cox CM1, Jenkins MC2, Fetterer RH2, Miska KB3, Dalloul RA4.
Developmental and comparative immunology.Dev Comp Immunol.2014 Dec;47(2):319-26. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.07.021. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is recognized as a soluble protein that inhibits the random migration of macrophages and plays a pivotal immunoregulatory function in innate and adaptive immunity. Our group has identified both chicken and Eimeria MIFs, and characterized their function in
PMID 25086294