関: methylhydrazine

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/08 20:44:32」(JST)

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Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a volatile hydrazine chemical with the chemical formula CH₃ (NH)NH₂. It is used as a rocket propellant in bipropellant rocket engines because it is hypergolic with various oxidizers such as nitrogen tetroxide (N₂O₄) and nitric acid (HNO₃). As a propellant, it is described in specification MIL-PRF-27404.^[2]

MMH is a hydrazine derivative used in the orbital maneuvering system (OMS) and reaction control system (RCS) engines of NASA's Space Shuttle, which used MMH and MON-3 (a mixture of nitrogen tetroxide with approximately 3% nitric oxide). This chemical is toxic and carcinogenic in small amounts, but it is easily stored in outer space providing moderate performance for very low fuel tank system weight. Recently the European Space Agency (ESA) has attempted to seek new options in terms of bipropellant rocket combinations to avoid poisonous chemicals such as this and its relatives.^[3]

MMH and its chemical relative unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) have a key advantage that they are stable enough to be used in regeneratively cooled rocket engines. The Apollo Lunar Modules used a one-to-one mixture of hydrazine and UDMH (called Aerozine 50, or A-50) as one part of the rocket fuel for lunar landings and takeoff: the rocket motors formed a hypergolic mixture of the hydrazines with liquid dinitrogen tetroxide as the usual oxidizer. (Otherwise, red fuming nitric acid works.) About three tons of mixed hydrazines and four and one half tons of the oxidizer were required for each landing, and about one-third of those amounts for the lunar take-off to orbit.^[4]

Monomethylhydrazine is believed to be the main cause of the toxicity of Gyromitra genus mushrooms, especially the false morel (Gyromitra esculenta). In these cases, MMH is formed by the hydrolysis of gyromitrin.^[5]

Monomethylhydrazine is considered to be a possible occupational carcinogen,^[6] and the occupational exposure limits to MMH are set at protective levels to account for the possible carcinogenicity.^[7]

References

^ "Monomethylhydrazine - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ MIL-PRF-27404 (1997-10-01). "Performance Specification, Propellant, Monomethylhydrazine". Retrieved 2011-05-21.
^ International Conference on Green Propellant for Space Propulsion, European Space Agency
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. p. 492. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
^ Pyysalo H. (1975). "Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta". Naturwissenschaften 62 (8): 395. doi:10.1007/BF00625355. PMID 1238907.
^ Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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1. キノコ中毒のマネージメント management of mushroom poisoning
2. 内容が不明の大量服薬をした危篤状態の成人の初期マネージメント initial management of the critically ill adult with an unknown overdose

English Journal

Enantioselective synthesis of epoxides having a tetrasubstituted trifluoromethylated carbon center: methylhydrazine-induced aerobic epoxidation of β,β-disubstituted enones.

Kawai H1, Okusu S, Yuan Z, Tokunaga E, Yamano A, Shiro M, Shibata N.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English).Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.2013 Feb 18;52(8):2221-5. doi: 10.1002/anie.201209355. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
PMID 23339133

Reactive dynamics study of hypergolic bipropellants: monomethylhydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide.

Liu Y1, Zybin SV, Guo J, van Duin AC, Goddard WA 3rd.
The journal of physical chemistry. B.J Phys Chem B.2012 Dec 6;116(48):14136-45. doi: 10.1021/jp308351g. Epub 2012 Nov 19.
To gain an atomistic-level understanding on physical and chemical processes occurring at the interfaces of hypergolic propellants, we carried out the first reactive dynamic (ReaxFF) simulations to study the reactive hypergolic mixture of monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and dinitrogen tetroxide (NTO), in c
PMID 23148488

Ab initio kinetics for thermal decomposition of CH3N•NH2, cis-CH3NHN•H, trans-CH3NHN•H, and C•H2NNH2 radicals.

Sun H1, Zhang P, Law CK.
The journal of physical chemistry. A.J Phys Chem A.2012 Aug 23;116(33):8419-30. doi: 10.1021/jp3045675. Epub 2012 Aug 13.
The thermal decomposition of the CH(3)N(•)NH(2), cis-CH(3)NHN(•)H, trans-CH(3)NHN(•)H, and C(•)H(2)NNH(2) radicals, which are the four radical products from the H-abstraction reactions of monomethylhydrazine, were theoretically studied by using ab initio Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM)
PMID 22813206

Japanese Journal

Carbon Reduction in GaAsN Thin Films by Flow-Rate-Modulated Chemical Beam Epitaxy

Nishimura Kenichi,Suzuki Hidetoshi,Saito Kenji [他],Ohshita Yoshio,Kojima Nobuaki,Yamaguchi Masafumi
Jpn J Appl Phys 47(4), 2072-2075, 2008-04-25
The flow-rate-modulated chemical beam epitaxy (FM-CBE) method was developed and implemented on the basis of the discussion of the desorption velocities of absorbed species originating from N source ga …
NAID 150000050191

Chemical Beam Epitaxy of GaAsN Thin Films with Monomethylhydrazine as N Source

Nishimura Kenichi,Lee Hae-Seok,Suzuki Hidetoshi [他],Ohshita Yoshio,Yamaguchi Masafumi
Jpn J Appl Phys 46(5A), 2844-2847, 2007-05-15
… GaAsN thin films were grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) with monomethylhydrazine (MMHy) as a N source. …
NAID 150000048702

Role of Nitrogen Precursor Supplies on InAs Quantum Dot Surfaces in Their Emission Wavelengths

Suemune Ikuo,Sasikala Ganapathy,Kumano Hidekazu [他],Uesugi Katsuhiro,Nabetani Yoichi,Matsumoto Takashi,Maeng J.-T.,Seong Tae Yeon
Japanese journal of applied physics. Pt. 2, Letters 45(21), L529-L532, 2006-06-25
… The role of nitrogen (N) in emission wavelengths from InAs quantum dots (QDs) was studied with intentional supplies of a N precursor (monomethylhydrazine) to InAs dot surfaces just before burying them with GaAs capping layers by metalorganic molecular-beam epitaxy. …
NAID 150000014065

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リンク元	「methylhydrazine」

「methylhydrazine」

Monomethylhydrazine
	IUPAC name Methylhydrazine
Identifiers
CAS number	60-34-4
PubChem	6061
ChemSpider	5837
EC number	200-471-4
UN number	1244
MeSH	Monomethylhydrazine
ChEMBL	CHEMBL160520
RTECS number	MV5600000
Beilstein Reference	635645
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES CNN ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH6N2/c1-3-2/h3H,2H2,1H3 ; Key: HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Properties
Molecular formula	CH6N2
Molar mass	46.07 g mol−1
Appearance	Colourless liquid
Odor	fishy, ammoniacal
Density	875 mg mL−1 (at 20 °C)
Melting point	−52 °C (−62 °F; 221 K)
Boiling point	91 °C; 196 °F; 364 K
log P	−1.318
Vapor pressure	5.00 kPa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD)	1.4325
Thermochemistry
Specific; heat capacity C	134.93 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar; entropy So298	165.94 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of; formation ΔfHo298	54.14 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of; combustion ΔcHo298	−1305.8–−1304.6 kJ mol−1
Hazards
MSDS	inchem.org
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	DANGER
GHS hazard statements	H225, H300, H311, H314, H330, H351, H411
GHS precautionary statements	P210, P260, P273, P280, P284
EU classification	F+ T+ N
R-phrases	R11, R24/25, R26, R34, R40, R51/53
S-phrases	S16, S26, S36/37/39, S45, S60
NFPA 704	4 4 4
Flash point	20 °C (68 °F; 293 K)
Explosive limits	2.5–97%
LD50	32 mg kg−1 (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related compounds	Methylamine; Ethylamine; Ethylenediamine;
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references

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関: monomethylhydrazine

[1] "Monomethylhydrazine - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[2] MIL-PRF-27404 (1997-10-01). "Performance Specification, Propellant, Monomethylhydrazine". Retrieved 2011-05-21.

[3] International Conference on Green Propellant for Space Propulsion, European Space Agency

[4] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. p. 492. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.

[Pyysalo1975-5] Pyysalo H. (1975). "Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta". Naturwissenschaften 62 (8): 395. doi:10.1007/BF00625355. PMID 1238907.

[6] Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

[7] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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monomethylhydrazine