monocline

WordNet

a geological formation in which all strata are inclined in the same direction

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/06/14 17:04:43」(JST)

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block diagram of a monocline

The Grandview-Phantom Monocline in the Grand Canyon, Arizona

Monocline at Colorado National Monument

Monocline formed at tip of small thrust fault, Brims Ness, Caithness, Scotland

A monocline (or, rarely, a monoform) is a step-like fold in rock strata consisting of a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently-dipping sequence.

Formation

Possible modes of formation of monoclines

Monoclines may be formed in several different ways (see diagram)

By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a large fault at the edge of a basin due to the greater compactibility of the basin fill, the amplitude of the fold will die out gradually upwards.^[1]
By mild reactivation of an earlier extensional fault during a phase of inversion causing folding in the overlying sequence.^[2]
As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of an extensional fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.^[3]
As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of a reverse fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.^[4]

Examples

Waterpocket Fold in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah
Grandview-Phantom Monocline in Grand Canyon, Arizona
Grand Hogback in Colorado
Lapstone monocline in the Blue Mountains (Australia)
Purbeck Monocline on the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, England

References

^ Skuce, A.G. (1996). "Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults: an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya". In Buchanan,P.G.; Nieuwland,D.A. Modern Developments in Structural Interpretation, Validation and Modelling (PDF). Special Publications. 99. London: Geological Society. pp. 135–146. ISBN 978-1-897799-43-7.
^ Chadwick, R.A. (1993). "Aspects of basin inversion in southern Britain". Journal of the Geological Society. 150: 311–322. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.150.2.0311.
^ Willsey, S.P.; Umhoefer,P.J.; Hilley,G.E. (2002). "Early evolution of an extensional monocline by a propagating normal fault: 3D analysis from combined field study and numerical modeling" (PDF). Journal of Structural Geology. 24: 651–669. Bibcode:2002JSG....24..651W. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00120-1.
^ Finch, E.; Hardy,S.; Gawthorpe,R. (2003). "Discrete element modelling of contractional fault-propagation folding above rigid basement fault blocks". Journal of Structural Geology. 25: 515–528. Bibcode:2003JSG....25..515F. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00053-6.

External links

http://bio-geo-terms.blogspot.com/2006_12_01_bio-geo-terms_archive.html

English Journal

Extracellular compounds produced by bacterial consortium promoting elements mobilization from polymetallic Kupferschiefer black shale (Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland).

Włodarczyk A1, Stasiuk R1, Skłodowska A1, Matlakowska R2.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2015 Mar;122:273-279. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.073. Epub 2014 Dec 15.
PMID 25522852

Biotransformation of copper from Kupferschiefer black shale (Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland) by yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa LM9.

Rajpert L1, Skłodowska A, Matlakowska R.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2013 May;91(9):1257-65. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.022. Epub 2013 Mar 12.
PMID 23490182

Bioweathering of Kupferschiefer black shale (Fore-Sudetic Monocline, SW Poland) by indigenous bacteria: implication for dissolution and precipitation of minerals in deep underground mine.

Matlakowska R1, Skłodowska A, Nejbert K.
FEMS microbiology ecology.FEMS Microbiol Ecol.2012 Jul;81(1):99-110. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01326.x. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
PMID 22329644

Japanese Journal

六ヶ所断層周辺における海成段丘面の変形と地形発達

活断層研究 2016(44), 1-8, 2016
NAID 130005432488

反射法地震探査からみた新潟海陸境界部の地質構造

物理探査 64(5), 345-357, 2011-10-01
NAID 10030477366

下北半島南部における海成段丘の擁曲変形と逆断層運動

活断層研究 2008(29), 15-23, 2008
NAID 130003355436

Related Pictures

[Skuce-1] Skuce, A.G. (1996). "Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults: an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya". In Buchanan,P.G.; Nieuwland,D.A. Modern Developments in Structural Interpretation, Validation and Modelling (PDF). Special Publications. 99. London: Geological Society. pp. 135–146. ISBN 978-1-897799-43-7.

[andy-2] Chadwick, R.A. (1993). "Aspects of basin inversion in southern Britain". Journal of the Geological Society. 150: 311–322. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.150.2.0311.

[willsey-3] Willsey, S.P.; Umhoefer,P.J.; Hilley,G.E. (2002). "Early evolution of an extensional monocline by a propagating normal fault: 3D analysis from combined field study and numerical modeling" (PDF). Journal of Structural Geology. 24: 651–669. Bibcode:2002JSG....24..651W. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00120-1.

[finch-4] Finch, E.; Hardy,S.; Gawthorpe,R. (2003). "Discrete element modelling of contractional fault-propagation folding above rigid basement fault blocks". Journal of Structural Geology. 25: 515–528. Bibcode:2003JSG....25..515F. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00053-6.

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