関: MVM

WordNet

characterized by painstaking care and detailed examination; "a minute inspection of the grounds"; "a narrow scrutiny"; "an exact and minute report" (同)narrow
a unit of angular distance equal to a 60th of a degree (同)arcminute, minute of arc
a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour; "he ran a 4 minute mile" (同)min
a short note; "the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting"
a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
the syllable naming the third (mediant) note of any major scale in solmization
a written account of what transpired at a meeting (同)proceedings, transactions

PrepTutorEJDIC

(時間の単位の)『分』(1/60時間;《略》『m.,min.』) / (角度の単位の)分(1/60度;記号は'で,数字の後に付ける) / 〈U〉《しばしばa ~》《話》『瞬間』,ちょっとの間(moment) / (また『minute book』)《複数形で》(会議の)景事録
『ごく小さい』,微細な / 『精密な』,詳しい / ささいな,取るに足りない
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
ビールス,ろ過性病原体
ミ(全音階の第3音)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/12 15:39:28」(JST)

wiki en

The Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) is the prototype virus of the Parvovirus genera within the family Parvoviridae.^[1] MVM exists in two variant forms: MVMp, which is the prototype strain, infects cells of fibroblast origin, while MVMi, the immunosuppressive strain, infects T lymphocytes.^[2] MVM is a common infection in laboratory mice due to its highly contagious nature.^[3] The virus can be shed from infected mice via feces and urine, but also via fomites and nasal secretions.^[3] Typically there are no clinical signs of infection, however, experimental infection can cause multiple organ damage during fetal development or shortly after birth.^[3] While MVM infection may result in pathology of infected mice, the infection is more likely to cause problems for the ongoing study the mice are being used for as the immune system will be activated, the activity of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes will be altered and tumor formation may be suppressed.^[3]

Transcription profile

During replication MVM utilizes three open reading frames (ORFs) and produces three distinct mRNA transcripts which are referred to as R1, R2 and R3.^[4] R1, produced from ORF 3, is translated into non-structural protein 1 (NS1).^[4] mRNA transcript R2, produces non-structural protein 2 (NS2) by splicing the 5-prime end of ORF3 with ORF2, which is found within the 3-prime end of ORF.^[4] The resulting NS2 protein is thus composed of spliced 5-prime and 3-prime alternative ORF sections of NS1.^[4] Finally, the R3 transcript produces capsid proteins VP1 and VP2, which requires transcription from the P38 promoter, in contrast to the P4 promoter used for transcripts R1 and R2.^[5]

Non-structural protein functions

NS1 functions as a required replication protein and is known to have helicase activity,^[6] ATPase activity ^[6] and nickase activity.^[1] Specifically, the nickase activity is required to resolve replication intermediate telomeres on the right-hand of the genome.^[1] NS2 is known to exist in several spliced forms (isoforms) termed NS2-P, -Y and –L due to differences in the C-terminus of the isoforms as a result of alternative splicing.^[7] NS2 is known to exist is both the cytoplasm and nucleus as well as in phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms.^[7] In addition, NS2 is required for efficient infection in its natural murine host, but is dispensable in experimental infection in human cell lines.^[7] Although not fully understood, in murine A9 fibroblasts NS2 interacts with nuclear export factor Crm1 resulting in efficient nuclear egress of progeny virions.^[7]

DNA damage response

MVM induces a DNA damage response (DDR) during infection which is required for effective replication.^[8] The ATM pathway is exclusively activated with a primarily Chk2-mediated response.^[8] It is not known if viral proteins or active viral replication activate the DDR, but UV-inactivated MVM does not induce a response ^[8] suggesting that presence of MVM virions or MVM genome alone cannot cause the observed DDR activation.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Willwand, K.; Baldauf, AQ.; Deleu, L.; Mumtsidu, E.; Costello, E.; Beard, P.; Rommelaere, J. (Oct 1997). "The minute virus of mice (MVM) nonstructural protein NS1 induces nicking of MVM DNA at a unique site of the right-end telomere in both hairpin and duplex conformations in vitro.". J Gen Virol 78 (10): 2647–55. PMID 9349487.
^ Brownstein, DG.; Smith, AL.; Johnson, EA.; Pintel, DJ.; Naeger, LK.; Tattersall, P. (May 1992). "The pathogenesis of infection with minute virus of mice depends on expression of the small nonstructural protein NS2 and on the genotype of the allotropic determinants VP1 and VP2.". J Virol 66 (5): 3118–24. PMID 1373202.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Baker, DG. (Apr 1998). "Natural pathogens of laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits and their effects on research.". Clin Microbiol Rev 11 (2): 231–66. PMID 9564563.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Naeger, LK.; Schoborg, RV.; Zhao, Q.; Tullis, GE.; Pintel, DJ. (Jun 1992). "Nonsense mutations inhibit splicing of MVM RNA in cis when they interrupt the reading frame of either exon of the final spliced product.". Genes Dev 6 (6): 1107–19. PMID 1592259.
^ Parvoviruses. Edited by Kerr, Cotmore, Bloom, Linden and Parrish. ISBN 0340811986
^ ^a ^b Nüesch, JP.; Corbau, R.; Tattersall, P.; Rommelaere, J. (Oct 1998). "Biochemical activities of minute virus of mice nonstructural protein NS1 are modulated In vitro by the phosphorylation state of the polypeptide.". J Virol 72 (10): 8002–12. PMID 9733839.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Eichwald, V.; Daeffler, L.; Klein, M.; Rommelaere, J.; Salomé, N. (Oct 2002). "The NS2 proteins of parvovirus minute virus of mice are required for efficient nuclear egress of progeny virions in mouse cells.". J Virol 76 (20): 10307–19. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.20.10307-10319.2002. PMC 136550. PMID 12239307.
^ ^a ^b ^c Adeyemi, RO.; Landry, S.; Davis, ME.; Weitzman, MD.; Pintel, DJ. (2010). "Parvovirus minute virus of mice induces a DNA damage response that facilitates viral replication.". PLoS Pathog 6 (10): e1001141. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001141. PMID 20949077.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ウイルス誘発性の喘鳴および喘息：概要 virus induced wheezing and asthma an overview
2. 小児および思春期におけるB型肝炎ウイルス感染の概要 overview of hepatitis b virus infection in children and adolescents
3. Overview of the management of chronic hepatitis C virus infection
4. ウイルス性髄膜炎：小児における疫学、病因、および病因 viral meningitis epidemiology pathogenesis and etiology in children
5. Zika virus infection: An overview

English Journal

Treatment with hyperimmune equine immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments completely protects rodents from Ebola virus infection.

Zheng X1, Wong G2, Zhao Y1, Wang H1, He S2, Bi Y3, Chen W4, Jin H1, Gai W1, Chu D4, Cao Z1, Wang C1, Fan Q5, Chi H1, Gao Y1, Wang T1, Feng N1, Yan F1, Huang G1, Zheng Y5, Li N1, Li Y1, Qian J1, Zou Y4, Kobinger G2,6,7,8, Gao GF3, Qiu X2,6, Yang S1, Xia X1.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2016 Apr 12;6:24179. doi: 10.1038/srep24179.
Recent successes with monoclonal antibody cocktails ZMapp(TM) and MIL77 against Ebola virus (EBOV) infections have reignited interest in antibody-based therapeutics. Since the production process for monoclonal antibodies can be prolonged and costly, alternative treatments should be investigated. We
PMID 27067649

Late maturation steps preceding selective nuclear export and egress of progeny parvovirus.

Wolfisberg R1, Kempf C2, Ros C3.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2016 Mar 23. pii: JVI.02967-15. [Epub ahead of print]
Although not well understood, growing evidence indicates that the non-enveloped parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) may actively egress before passive release through cell lysis. We have dissected the late maturation steps of the intranuclear progeny with the aim to confirm the existence of an act
PMID 27009963

Localizing Effects of Leptin on Upper Airway and Respiratory Control During Sleep.

Yao Q, Pho H, Kirkness J, Ladenheim EE, Bi S, Moran TH, Fuller DD, Schwartz AR, Polotsky VY.
Sleep.Sleep.2016 Feb 29. pii: sp-00655-15. [Epub ahead of print]
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obesity hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea are common complications of obesity linked to defects in respiratory pump and upper airway neural control. Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice have impaired ventilatory control and inspiratory flow limitation during sleep, which are both
PMID 26951402

Japanese Journal

組換え抗原を用いたマウスパルボウイルス特異的なELISA法の開発

KUNITA Satoshi,CHAYA Miyuki,HAGIWARA Kozue,ISHIDA Tomoko,TAKAKURA Akira,SUGIMOTO Tatsuya,ISEKI Hiroyoshi,FUKE Kumiko,SUGIYAMA Fumihiro,YAGAMI Ken-ichi
Experimental animals 55(2), 117-124, 2006-04-01
… Nucleotide sequcences of mouse parvovirus (MPV) isolate, named MPV/UT, and mouse minute virus (MMV) were analyzed and used for expressing recombinant proteins in E. … ELISA tests using recombinant major capsid protein (rVP2) and recombinant major non-structural protein (rNS1) as antigens were developed and their performance in serologic detection of rodent parvovirus infection was assessed. …
NAID 10018114688

Serodiagnosis of mice minute virus and mouse parvovirus infections in mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with baculovirus-expressed recombinant VP2 proteins