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complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected parts; "a complex set of variations based on a simple folk melody"; "a complex mass of diverse laws and customs"
a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated (同)coordination_compound
a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts; "the complex of shopping malls, houses, and roads created a new town" (同)composite
(psychoanalysis) a combination of emotions and impulses that have been rejected from awareness but still influence a persons behavior

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『いくつかの部分から成る』,複合の,合成の / 『複雑な』,入りくんだ,こみいった(complicated) / 複合体,合成物 / コンプレックス,複合(抑圧されて心に残った複雑なしこり)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/12 23:51:41」(JST)

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Migrating motor complexes (or migrating myoelectric complex or migratory motor complex or migratory myoelectric complex or MMC) are waves of electrical activity that sweep through the intestines in a regular cycle during fasting. These motor complexes trigger peristaltic waves, which facilitate transportation of indigestible substances such as bone, fiber, and foreign bodies from the stomach, through the small intestine, past the ileocecal sphincter, and into the colon. The MMC occurs every 90-120 minutes during the interdigestive phase (between meals), and is responsible for the rumbling experienced when hungry.^[1] It also serves to transport bacteria from the small intestine to the large intestine, and to inhibit the migration of colonic bacteria into the terminal ileum.

Phases

The MMC originates mostly in the stomach — although ~25% will arise from the duodenum or proximal jejunum — and can travel to the distal end of the ileum.^[2] They consist of four distinct phases: Phase I — A prolonged period of quiescence; Phase II — Increased frequency of action potentials and smooth muscle contractility; Phase III — A few minutes of peak electrical and mechanical activity, and; Phase IV — Declining activity which merges with the next Phase I.^[3]

Regulation

The MMC is thought to be partially regulated by motilin, which is initiated in the stomach as a response to vagal stimulation, and does not directly depend on extrinsic nerves.

Stimuli

Morphine, has been found at relatively low doses to stimulate phase III of the migrating motor complex.^[4]

Trimebutine is one drug that as part of its therapeutic action causes a premature activation of phase III of the migrating motor complex in the digestive tract.^[5]

References

^ Poitras, P. & Peeters, T.L., 2008. Motilin. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity, 15(1), pp.54–57.
^ Boron, Walter F. & Emile L. Boulpaep, 2012. Medical Physiology, 2e Updated Edition: with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 2e 2 edition., Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.
^ Boron, Walter F. & Emile L. Boulpaep, 2012. Medical Physiology, 2e Updated Edition: with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 2e 2 edition., Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.
^ Lewis, TD. (Nov 1999). "Morphine and gastroduodenal motility.". Dig Dis Sci 44 (11): 2178–86. PMID 10573360.
^ Hiyama, T.; Yoshihara, M.; Tanaka, S.; Haruma, K.; Chayama, K. (Apr 2009). "Effectiveness of prokinetic agents against diseases external to the gastrointestinal tract." (PDF). J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24 (4): 537–46. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05780.x. PMID 19220673.

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/migrating+myoelectric+complex

External links

Overview at colostate.edu
Physiology: 6/6ch2/s6ch2_26 - Essentials of Human Physiology
Migrating motor complex at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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English Journal

Long-term culture and cryopreservation of interstitial cells of Cajal.

Xu WD, Jiang X, Lan L, Wang CH, Tong HX, Wang BX.SourceDepartment of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province , China.
Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.Scand J Gastroenterol.2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Objective. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the gastrointestinal tract generate and propagate slow waves and mediate neuromuscular neurotransmission. Damage to ICCs has been described in several gastrointestinal motor disorders, and although many studies have examined ICCs in cult
PMID 22050097

Involvement of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the regulation of migrating motor complex (MMC) in sheep.

Castro M, Muñoz JM, Arruebo MP, Murillo MD, Arnal C, Bonafonte JI, Plaza MA.SourceDepartamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997).Vet J.2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms (nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS) in the regulation of the migrating motor complex (MMC) in sheep using electromyography and their expression in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by Western blot (WB) and immunohistochem
PMID 21995890