WordNet

put in the middle
time between the beginning and the end of a temporal period; "the middle of the war"; "rain during the middle of April"
the middle area of the human torso (usually in front); "young American women believe that a bare midriff is fashionable" (同)midriff, midsection
an intermediate part or section; "A whole is that which has beginning, middle, and end"- Aristotle
between an earlier and a later period of time; "in the middle years"; "in his middle thirties"
of a stage in the development of a language or literature between earlier and later stages; "Middle English is the English language from about 1100 to 1500"; "Middle Gaelic"
of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain; "cranial pressure"
any commodity of intermediate quality or size (especially when coarse particles of ground wheat are mixed with bran)
largest carnivore of Madagascar; intermediate in some respects between cats and civets (同)fossa cat, Cryptoprocta ferox
monotypic genus of Madagascar civets closely related to palm civets (同)genus Fossa

PrepTutorEJDIC

(空間的に)『まん中の』 / (時間・順序・数量などが)『中間の』,まん中の / 『平均の』,中ぐらいの / 《M-》(言語史で)中期の / 《the~》(場所・地域の)『まん中』,『中央』《+『of』+『名』》 / (時間・順序などの)まん中,(行為などの)最中《+『of』+『名』+(do『ing』)》 / 《話》《the~,one's~》(人の)胴,腰
頭蓋(ずがい)の
(大きさ・質・程度などが)中位の,普通の / 中ぐらいに,かなり

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/15 10:34:32」(JST)

wiki en

The middle fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest.

It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellæ; laterally by the temporal squamæ, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures.

It houses the temporal lobes of the brain and the pituitary gland.^[1]

Middle part

The middle part of the fossa presents, in front, the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity.

Behind the optic foramen the anterior clinoid process is directed backward and medialward and gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli.

Behind the tuberculum sellæ is a deep depression, the sella turcica, containing the fossa hypophyseos, which lodges the hypophysis, and presents on its anterior wall the middle clinoid processes.

The sella turcica is bounded posteriorly by a quadrilateral plate of bone, the dorsum sellae, the upper angles of which are surmounted by the posterior clinoid processes: these afford attachment to the tentorium cerebelli, and below each is a notch for the abducent nerve.

On either side of the sella turcica is the carotid groove, which is broad, shallow, and curved somewhat like the italic letter f.

It begins behind at the foramen lacerum, and ends on the medial side of the anterior clinoid process, where it is sometimes converted into a foramen (carotico-clinoid) by the union of the anterior with the middle clinoid process; posteriorly, it is bounded laterally by the lingula.

This groove lodges the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery, the latter being surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves.

Lateral parts

The lateral parts of the middle fossa are of considerable depth, and support the temporal lobes of the brain.

They are marked by depressions for the brain convolutions and traversed by furrows for the anterior and posterior branches of the middle meningeal vessels.

These furrows begin near the foramen spinosum, and the anterior runs forward and upward to the sphenoidal angle of the parietal, where it is sometimes converted into a bony canal; the posterior runs lateralward and backward across the temporal squama and passes on to the parietal near the middle of its lower border.

The following apertures are also to be seen.

In front is the superior orbital fissure, bounded above by the small wing, below, by the great wing, and medially, by the body of the sphenoid; it is usually completed laterally by the orbital plate of the frontal bone.

It transmits to the orbital cavity the oculomotor, the trochlear, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal, and the abducent nerves, some filaments from the cavernous plexus of the sympathetic, and the orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery; and from the orbital cavity a recurrent branch from the lacrimal artery to the dura mater, and the ophthalmic veins.

Behind the medial end of the superior orbital fissure is the foramen rotundum, for the passage of the maxillary nerve.

Behind and lateral to the foramen rotundum is the foramen ovale, which transmits the mandibular nerve, the accessory meningeal artery, and the lesser superficial petrosal nerve.

Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen Vesalii, which varies in size in different individuals, and is often absent; when present, it opens below at the lateral side of the scaphoid fossa, and transmits a small vein.

Lateral to the foramen ovale is the foramen spinosum, for the passage of the middle meningeal vessels, and a recurrent branch from the mandibular nerve.

Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen lacerum; in the fresh state the lower part of this aperture is filled up by a layer of fibrocartilage, while its upper and inner parts transmit the internal carotid artery surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves.

The nerve of the pterygoid canal and a meningeal branch from the ascending pharyngeal artery pierce the layer of fibrocartilage.

On the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone are seen the eminence caused by the projection of the superior semicircular canal; in front of and a little lateral to this a depression corresponding to the roof of the tympanic cavity; the groove leading to the hiatus of the facial canal, for the transmission of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and the petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery; beneath it, the smaller groove, for the passage of the lesser superficial petrosal nerve; and, near the apex of the bone, the depression for the semilunar ganglion and the orifice of the carotid canal.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Mancall, Elliott L.; Brock, David G., eds. (2011). "Cranial Fossae". Gray's Clinical Anatomy. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 154. ISBN 9781437735802.

Additional images

Middle cranial fossa at human foetus
Base of skull
Middle cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa

External links

Anatomy photo:22:os-0802 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center

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English Journal

Safe thrombolysis in astrocytoma of middle cranial fossa.

Ros Forteza FJ1, Pantazi I2, Cardoso A2.
Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain).Neurologia.2016 Mar 19. pii: S0213-4853(16)00056-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.02.003. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 27004671

Huge Frontal-Temporal Lobe Arachnoid Cyst Presenting as an Weariness Migraine.

Li X1, Fan Y, Li L, Gao Y, Zhou M, Li J, Wang H.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery.J Craniofac Surg.2016 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print]
To the authors' knowledge, most of intracranial arachnoid cyst located in middle cranial fossa and lateral fissure cistern. So, huge frontal-temporal lobe arachnoid cyst is rare. Symptoms of arachnoid cyst may be atypical, including headache, nausea, vomiting, epilepsy, poor memory, and so on. Of co
PMID 26999696

The inferolateral transorbital endoscopic approach: a preclinical anatomical study.

Ferrari M1, Schreiber A2, Mattavelli D2, Belotti F3, Rampinelli V2, Lancini D2, Doglietto F3, Tschabitscher M4, Rodella LF4, Nicolai P2.
World neurosurgery.World Neurosurg.2016 Mar 14. pii: S1878-8750(16)00421-6. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.03.017. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: In recent years, transorbital endoscopic approaches (TEA) are increasing in popularity as they provide several corridors to reach lateral areas of the ventral skull base through the orbit. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of the inferolateral transorbital endoscopi
PMID 26987633

Japanese Journal

Arachnoid Cyst in the Middle Cranial Fossa Presenting with Pulsatile Exophthalmos: Case Report and Literature Review

SAITO Atsushi,KON Hiroyuki,HARYU Shinya,MINO Masaki,SASAKI Tatsuya,NISHIJIMA Michiharu
Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 2013
… Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated outward and downward displacement of the right globe and an arachnoid cyst in the right middle cranial fossa associated with thinned and anterior protrusion of a bony orbit. … Microscopic cystocisternotomy was performed and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside of the cyst communicated into the carotid cistern and cistern in the posterior cranial fossa. …
NAID 130003383274

内リンパ囊腫瘍例

増田理佐,加藤明子,大淵豊明,寳地信介,橋田光一,武永芙美子,鈴木秀明
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 106(6), 509-513, 2013
… The patient eventually underwent removal of the tumor via a trans-middle cranial fossa approach following preoperative arterial embolization. …
NAID 130003374076

中耳手術後に髄液漏を繰り返した１例

荒井康裕,佐久間直子,佐野大佑,高橋優宏,松田秀樹,生駒亮,坂根さやか,丹羽一友,張家正,石戸谷淳一
Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 116(3), 161-164, 2013
症例は52歳女性. 中耳手術後に長期間を経て耳性髄液漏を発症し経乳突法で閉鎖をしたが, 術後8年後に側頭骨内髄膜脳瘤による耳性髄液漏が再発し, 経中頭蓋窩法にて瘻孔閉鎖を行った1例を経験した. 初回中耳手術により乳突洞天蓋に骨欠損を生じ, 長期的術後合併症として硬膜が破綻し髄液漏を生じたと推測された. それに対し瘻孔閉鎖術を施行したが, 術後8年後に側頭骨内髄膜脳瘤を生じ髄液漏が再発した. 経中頭 …
NAID 130003372916

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「中頭蓋窩」
関連記事	「middle」「cranial」

「中頭蓋窩」

Middle cranial fossa
	Base of the skull. Upper surface. (Middle cranial fossa is the centermost of the three indentations, in pink and yellow.)
Details
Latin	fossa cranii media
Identifiers
Gray's	p.190
TA	A02.1.00.049
FMA	54369
	Anatomical terminology