WordNet

put in the middle
time between the beginning and the end of a temporal period; "the middle of the war"; "rain during the middle of April"
the middle area of the human torso (usually in front); "young American women believe that a bare midriff is fashionable" (同)midriff, midsection
an intermediate part or section; "A whole is that which has beginning, middle, and end"- Aristotle
between an earlier and a later period of time; "in the middle years"; "in his middle thirties"
of a stage in the development of a language or literature between earlier and later stages; "Middle English is the English language from about 1100 to 1500"; "Middle Gaelic"
become tight or as if tight; "Her throat constricted" (同)constringe, narrow
any commodity of intermediate quality or size (especially when coarse particles of ground wheat are mixed with bran)
any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils

PrepTutorEJDIC

(空間的に)『まん中の』 / (時間・順序・数量などが)『中間の』,まん中の / 『平均の』,中ぐらいの / 《M-》(言語史で)中期の / 《the~》(場所・地域の)『まん中』,『中央』《+『of』+『名』》 / (時間・順序などの)まん中,(行為などの)最中《+『of』+『名』+(do『ing』)》 / 《話》《the~,one's~》(人の)胴,腰
〈物など〉'を'締めつける,圧縮する
(大きさ・質・程度などが)中位の,普通の / 中ぐらいに,かなり
括役筋・周縮筋 / 獲物を締め殺ず大蛇(ぼあなと)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/15 19:54:50」(JST)

wiki en

The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fanshaped muscle located in the neck. It is one of three pharyngeal constrictors. Similarly to the superior and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, the middle pharyngeal constrictor is innervated by a branch of the vagus nerve through the pharyngeal plexus. The middle pharyngeal constrictor is smaller than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

Structure

The middle pharyngeal constrictor arises from the whole length of the upper border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, from the lesser cornu, and from the stylohyoid ligament.

The fibers diverge from their origin: the lower ones descend beneath the constrictor inferior, the middle fibers pass transversely, and the upper fibers ascend and overlap the constrictor superior.

It is inserted into the posterior median fibrous raphe, blending in the middle line with the muscle of the opposite side.

Function

As soon as the bolus of food is received in the pharynx, the elevator muscles relax, the pharynx descends, and the constrictors contract upon the bolus, and convey it downward into the esophagus.^[1]^[2] They also have respiratory mechanical effects.^[3]

Additional images

Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged.
Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Deep dissection of larynx, pharynx and tongue seen from behind
Deep dissection of larynx, pharynx and tongue seen from behind
Deep dissection of larynx, pharynx and tongue seen from behind

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Rowe LD, Miller AJ, Chierici G, Clendenning D (August 1984). "Adaptation in the function of pharyngeal constrictor muscles". Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 92 (4): 392–401. PMID 6435057. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Donner, Martin W.; Bosnia, James F.; Robertson, Diane L. (1985). "Anatomy and physiology of the pharynx". Gastrointestinal Radiology 10 (1): 197–212. doi:10.1007/BF01893103. ISSN 0364-2356.
^ Kuna, Samuel T (2000). "Respiratory-related activation and mechanical effects of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles". Respiration Physiology 119 (2-3): 155–161. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(99)00110-3. ISSN 0034-5687.

External links

lesson8 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (latpharyngealitems3)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Investigating Laryngeal "Tilt" on Same-pitch Phonation-Preliminary Findings of Vocal Mode Metal and Density Parameters as Alternatives to Cricothyroid-Thyroarytenoid "Mix".

Thuesen MA1, McGlashan J2, Sadolin C3.
Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.J Voice.2018 Aug 16. pii: S0892-1997(18)30040-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.023. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 30122461

Sudden Death Secondary to an Undiagnosed B-Cell Lymphoma of the Hypopharynx and Infiltration of the Inferior Constrictor Muscle.

Lo Pinto S1, Barranco R1, Cuccì M1, Caputo F1, Fossati F1, Orcioni GF2, Ventura F1.
Journal of forensic sciences.J Forensic Sci.2018 Jul;63(4):1303-1306. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13663. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
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Superiority in Robustness of Multifield Optimization Over Single-Field Optimization for Pencil-Beam Proton Therapy for Oropharynx Carcinoma: An Enhanced Robustness Analysis.

Stützer K1, Lin A2, Kirk M2, Lin L2.
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.2017 Nov 1;99(3):738-749. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.017. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
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Japanese Journal

アーカイブ(第9回)咽頭収縮筋の生理(その1)呼気筋としての中咽頭収縮筋

嚥下医学 : 日本嚥下医学会学会誌 = Deglutition : the official journal of the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan 5(1), 34-41, 2016
NAID 40020746258

Observation on the attachment of muscles onto the hyoid bone in human adults

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 85(3), 79-90, 2008
NAID 130004495054

発声・嚥下を司る中枢神経支配 : 疑核を中心として

音声言語医学 41(2), 95-110, 2000-04-20
NAID 10010870312

「中咽頭収縮筋」

Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
	Muscles of the pharynx and cheek (middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle labeled as constrictor pharyngis medius at center left)
	Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves (middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle labeled as Mid. constr. at center)
Details
Latin	Musculus constrictor pharyngis medius
Origin	Hyoid bone
Insertion	Pharyngeal raphe
Artery	Ascending pharyngeal artery
Nerve	Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve
Actions	Swallowing
Identifiers
Dorlands; /Elsevier	m_22/12548641
TA	A05.3.01.108
FMA	46622
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]