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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/25 22:08:48」(JST)

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Micrognathism, also called micrognathia, strawberry chin, hypognathia^[1] or hypogthathism, is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called "Mandibular hypoplasia".^{[citation needed]} It is common in infants,^{[citation needed]} but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws' increasing in size. It may be a cause of abnormal tooth alignment and in severe cases can hamper feeding.^[2] It can also, both in adults and children, make intubation difficult, either during anesthesia or in emergency situations.

Causes

While not always pathological, it can present as a birth defect in multiple syndromes including:

Catel–Manzke syndrome^[3]
Bloom syndrome
Coffin–Lowry syndrome
congenital rubella
Cri du chat syndrome
DiGeorge's Syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome
Hemifacial microsomia (as part of Goldenhar Syndrome)
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Marfan syndrome
Noonan syndrome
Pierre Robin syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Progeria
Russell-Silver syndrome
Seckel syndrome
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
Treacher Collins syndrome
Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)
Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
X0 syndrome (Turner syndrome)

Diagnosis

It can be detected by the naked eye as well as dental or skull X-Ray testing.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Martínez-Frías, ML; Martín, M; Pardo, M; Torres, M; Cohen MM, Jr (1993). "Holoprosencephaly and hypognathia with two proboscides: report of a case and review of unusual proboscides.". Journal of craniofacial genetics and developmental biology 14 (4): 231–4. PMID 7883869.
^ Hong, Paul; Brake, Maria K.; Cavanagh, Jonathan P.; Bezuhly, Michael; Magit, Anthony E. (2012). "Feeding and mandibular distraction osteogenesis in children with Pierre Robin sequence: A case series of functional outcomes". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 76 (3): 414–418. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.12.023. ISSN 0165-5876.
^ Rajendran A; Sundaram S (10 February 2014). Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology (7th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-81-312-3800-4.

"Micrognathia". Medline Plus. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2011.

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English Journal

Prenatal diagnosis of a 12q22q23.2 interstitial deletion by array CGH in a malformed fetus.

Kremer V, Girard F, Gasser B, Marcellin L, Christmann D, Nisand I, Schmitt E, Florent S, Flori E.SourceService de Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
European journal of medical genetics.Eur J Med Genet.2012 Apr;55(4):269-73. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
We report the prenatal diagnosis of a 12q22q23.2 de novo interstitial deletion performed by array based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) in a fetus with cystic hygroma colli, intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly and micrognathism. Haploinsufficiency for insuline-like growth fac
PMID 22425634

Mandibular distraction in the setting of chromosome 4q deletion.

Taub PJ, Wolfeld M, Cohen-Pfeffer J, Mehta L.SourceMount Sinai Cleft & Craniofacial Center, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1259, New York, NY 10029, USA. Peter.taub@mountsinai.org
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS.J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2012 Apr;65(4):e95-8. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 4 (4q) are rare, with an estimated incidence of roughly 1 in 10,000 live births. Patients present with a constellation of findings, including cardiac malformations, micrognathia in the setting of Pierre Robin sequence, microcephaly, genitourinary anomalies, sh
PMID 22154942