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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/03 10:14:02」(JST)

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A microfibril is a very fine fibril, or fiber-like strand, consisting of glycoproteins and cellulose. It is usually, but not always, used as a general term in describing the structure of protein fiber, e.g. hair and sperm tail. Its most frequently observed structural pattern is the 9+2 pattern in which two central protofibrils are surrounded by nine other pairs. Cellulose inside plants is one of the examples of non-protein compounds that are using this term with the same purpose. Cellulose microfibrils are laid down in the inner surface of the primary cell wall. As the cell absorbs water, its volume increases and the existing microfibrils separate and new ones are formed to help increase cell strength.

Synthesis and function

Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase or Rosette terminal complexes which reside on a cells membrane. As cellulose fibrils are synthesized and grow extracellularly they push up against neighboring cells. Since the neighboring cell can not move easily the Rosette complex is instead pushed around the cell through the fluid phospholipid membrane. Eventually this results in the cell becoming wrapped in a microfibril layer. This layer becomes the cell wall. The organization of microfibrils forming the primary cell wall is rather disorganized. However, another mechanism is used in secondary cell walls leading to its organization. Essentially, lanes on the secondary cell wall are built with microtubules. These lanes force microfibrils to remain in a certain area while they wrap. During this process microtubules can spontaneously depolymerize and repolymerize in a different orientation. This leads to a different direction in which the cell continues getting wrapped.

Marfan syndrome

In Marfan syndrome, there is a defect in fibrillin, the glycoprotein component of microfibrils.^[1]

References

^ Ursus-Nikolaus Riede, Martin Werner, Color atlas of pathology: pathologic principles, associated diseases, sequela

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English Journal

Unraveling cellulose microfibrils: a twisted tale.

Hadden JA, French AD, Woods RJ.SourceComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602.
Biopolymers.Biopolymers.2013 Oct;99(10):746-56. doi: 10.1002/bip.22279.
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of cellulose microfibrils are pertinent to the paper, textile, and biofuels industries for their unique capacity to characterize dynamic behavior and atomic-level interactions with solvent molecules and cellulase enzymes. While high-resolution crystallographic dat
PMID 23681971

Impact of bleaching on subcritical water- and Formosolv-pretreated tulip tree to enhance enzyme accessibility.

Myint AA, Kim DS, Lee HW, Yoon J, Choi IG, Choi JW, Lee YW.SourceSchool of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea.
Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2013 Oct;145:128-32. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.069. Epub 2013 Mar 18.
A novel method was developed for fractionating cellulose microfibrils from forest residue (tulip tree sawdust) to enhance cellulose digestibility, particularly at minimum enzyme loadings. This method involved three main stages: selective hemicellulose solubilization by subcritical water (SCW) pretre
PMID 23566470

Japanese Journal

檜皮採取によりヒノキ材の木部性質は変わるか

斎藤幸恵,山本篤志,太田正光 [他],有馬孝禮,内海泰弘,古賀信也,門松昌彦,坂野上なお,山本博一
木材学会誌 61(1), 25-32, 2015
伝統技術による檜皮採取が剥皮木の木部性質を変化させるか否か明らかにすることを目的として，檜皮採取前後のヒノキ木部ヤング率，セルロースミクロフィブリル傾角（MFA）について検討した。同一林分のほぼ等しい環境に生育する＞69年生ヒノキペア5組を選定し一方から檜皮を一度採取し他方を対照木とした。採取年およびその前後に形成された計＜18年輪について放射方向に連続的に試料採取し，同一の母細胞から形成された試 …
NAID 130004775943

The structural changes in cellulose microfibril and their susceptibilities to cellulase

Horikawa Yoshiki,Imai Tomoya,Abe Kentaro,Sugiyama Junji
Sustainable humanosphere : bulletin of Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Kyoto University 10, 1-1, 2014-10-20
NAID 120005575224

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リンク元	「ミクロフィブリル」「マイクロフィブリル」「細毛繊維」
拡張検索	「microfibrillar」「interstitial microfibrils」