microcarrier

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/22 14:46:29」(JST)

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A microcarrier is a support matrix allowing for the growth of adherent cells in bioreactors.

In 1967, microcarrier development began when van Wezel found that microcarriers could support the growth of anchorage-dependent cells.^[1] Microcarriers are typically 125 - 250 micrometre spheres and their density allows them to be maintained in suspension with gentle stirring. Microcarriers can be made from a number of different materials including DEAE-dextran, glass, polystyrene plastic, acrylamide, collagen, and alginate. These microcarrier materials, along with different surface chemistries, can influence cellular behavior, including morphology and proliferation.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Surface chemistries can include extracellular matrix proteins, recombinant proteins, peptides, and positively or negatively charged molecules.

Microcarriers are regularly used to grow protein-producing or virus-generating adherent cell populations in the large-scale commercial production of biologics (proteins) and vaccines.

Microcarrier cell culture is typically carried out in spinner flasks, although other vessels such as rotating wall microgravity bioreactors or fluidized bed bioreactors can also support microcarrier-based cultures. The advantages of microcarrier technology in the vaccine industry include (a) ease of scale-up, (b) ability to precisely control cell growth conditions in sophisticated, computer-controlled bioreactors, (c) an overall reduction in the floor space and incubator volume required for a given-sized manufacturing operation, and (d) a drastic reduction in technician labor.

Several types of microcarriers are available commercially including alginate-based (GEM, Global Cell Solutions), dextran-based (Cytodex, GE Healthcare), collagen-based (Cultispher, Percell), and polystyrene-based (SoloHill Engineering) microcarriers. They differ in their porosity, specific gravity, optical properties, presence of animal components, and surface chemistries.

Application

A liquid-based assembly method is developed by P. Chen et al. for assembling cell-seeded microcarriers into diverse structures. Neuron-seeded microcarriers were assembled for formation of 3D neural networks with controlled global shape. This method is potentially useful for tissue engineering and neuroscience.^[6]

External links

GE Healthcare handbook: Microcarrier cell culture - principles and methods

References

^ van Wezel AL: Growth of cell-strains and primary cells on micro-carriers in Homogeneous culture. Nature 1967;216:64-65.
^ Varani J, Dame M, Beals TF, Wass JA: Growth of three established cell lines on glass microcarriers. Biotechnol Bioeng 1983;25:1359-1372.
^ Giard DJ, Thilly WG, Wang DI, Levine DW: Virus production with a newly developed microcarrier system. Appl Environ Microbiol 1977;34:668-672.
^ Varani J, Dame M, Rediske J, Beals TF, Hillegas W: Substrate-dependent differences in growth and biological properties of fibroblasts and epithelial cells grown in microcarrier culture. J Biol Stand 1985;13:67-76.
^ Varani J, Bendelow MJ, Chun JH, Hillegas WA: Cell growth on microcarriers: comparison of proliferation on and recovery from various substrates. J Biol Stand 1986;14:331-336.
^ P. Chen, Z. Luo, S. Guven, S. Tasoglu, A. Weng, A. V. Ganesan, U. Demirci, Advanced Materials 2014, 10.1002/adma.201402079. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201402079/abstract

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1. クリグラー・ナジャー症候群 crigler najjar syndrome

English Journal

Feasibility of human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells/CultiSpher®-G constructs in regenerative medicine.

Li P1, Liu F, Wu C, Jiang W, Zhao G, Liu L, Bai T, Wang L, Jiang Y, Guo L, Qi X, Kou J, Fan R, Hao D, Lan S, Li Y, Liu JY.
Cell and tissue research.Cell Tissue Res.2015 May 7. [Epub ahead of print]
The use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in cell therapies has increased the demand for strategies that allow efficient cell scale-up. Preliminary data on the three-dimensional (3D) spinner culture describing the potential use of microcarriers for hMSCs culture scale-up have been reported. We
PMID 25948482

Development and characterization of drug-loaded biodegradable PLA microcarriers prepared by the electrospraying technique.

Lu J1, Hou R1, Yang Z1, Tang Z1.
International journal of molecular medicine.Int J Mol Med.2015 May 4. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2201. [Epub ahead of print]
Biodegradable particles are extremely useful in the development of novel drug delivery systems. Recent studies have suggested that morphology can influence the mechanisms of drug delivery in many ways. In the present study, biodegradable microparticles with different morphologies were prepared from
PMID 25955135

A method for preparation of hydrogel microcapsules for stem cell bioprocessing and stem cell therapy.

Goldshmid R1, Mironi-Harpaz I2, Shachaf Y2, Seliktar D3.
Methods (San Diego, Calif.).Methods.2015 Apr 28. pii: S1046-2023(15)00174-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.04.027. [Epub ahead of print]
A method for the preparation of suspension culture microcapsules used in the bioprocessing of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is reported. The microcapsules are prepared from a semi-synthetic hydrogel comprising Pluronic®F127 conjugated to denatured fibrinogen. The Pluronic-fibrinogen adducts
PMID 25931428

Japanese Journal

Efficient plastid transformation in tobacco using small gold particles (0.07–0.3 µm)

, , [他], ,
Plant Biotechnology 30(1), 65-72, 2013
… Because the target materials in some plant species are undeveloped proplastids rather than fully developed chloroplasts, optimizing microcarrier size for the target size is a major consideration. …
NAID 130003362418

Growth and poliovirus production of Vero cells on a novel microcarrier with artificial cell adhesive protein under serum-free conditions(METHODS)

Kurokawa Masato,Sato Shigehiro
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 111(5), 600-604, 2011-05
… A microcarrier is used for the three-dimensional (3D) culture of adhesion-dependent mammalian cells. … We developed a novel microcarrier by binding ProNectin F, an artificial cell adhesive protein synthesized by genetically engineered Escherichia coil to a polyacrylic superabsorbent polymer. … The microcarrier is characterized by containing no animal-derived components. …
NAID 110008661212

ヒト型糖鎖が結合した組織性プラスミノーゲンアクチベーターの生産とその炭水化物部分の役割

三木瑞枝,谷本久美,四方知子 [他],横井川久己男
徳島大学総合科学部自然科学研究 22, 97-104, 2008-12
… The cells grown on microcarrers in Haunks' MEM supplemented with 10 % FBS (1.6 x 10 6 cells/ml) rapidly detached themselves from microcarrier in aserum-free medium (t-PA production medium) within 5 days, and it was difficult to produce t-PA for long time (t-PA production: an average of 3 IU/ml/day over 5 days). …
NAID 110008694560

Related Pictures

[1] van Wezel AL: Growth of cell-strains and primary cells on micro-carriers in Homogeneous culture. Nature 1967;216:64-65.

[2] Varani J, Dame M, Beals TF, Wass JA: Growth of three established cell lines on glass microcarriers. Biotechnol Bioeng 1983;25:1359-1372.

[3] Giard DJ, Thilly WG, Wang DI, Levine DW: Virus production with a newly developed microcarrier system. Appl Environ Microbiol 1977;34:668-672.

[4] Varani J, Dame M, Rediske J, Beals TF, Hillegas W: Substrate-dependent differences in growth and biological properties of fibroblasts and epithelial cells grown in microcarrier culture. J Biol Stand 1985;13:67-76.

[5] Varani J, Bendelow MJ, Chun JH, Hillegas WA: Cell growth on microcarriers: comparison of proliferation on and recovery from various substrates. J Biol Stand 1986;14:331-336.

[6] P. Chen, Z. Luo, S. Guven, S. Tasoglu, A. Weng, A. V. Ganesan, U. Demirci, Advanced Materials 2014, 10.1002/adma.201402079. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201402079/abstract

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