WordNet

bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation; usually indicative of disease (as cervical cancer)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/17 10:11:59」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Metrorrhagia (metro = womb, -rrhagia = excessive flow^[1]) is uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between the expected menstrual periods.^[2]

In some women, menstrual spotting between periods occurs as a normal and harmless part of ovulation. Some women experience acute mid-cycle abdominal pain around the time of ovulation (sometimes referred to by the German term for this phenomenon, mittelschmerz). This may also occur at the same time as menstrual spotting. The term breakthrough bleeding or breakthrough spotting is usually used for women using hormonal contraceptives, such as IUDs or oral contraceptives, in which it refers to bleeding or spotting between any expected withdrawal bleedings, or bleeding or spotting at any time if none is expected. If spotting continues beyond the first three cycles of oral contraceptive use, a woman should have her prescription changed to a pill containing either more estrogen or more progesterone.^[3]

Metrorrhagia may also be a sign of an underlying disorder, such as hormone imbalance, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, or cancer of the reproductive organs.

Due to repeated bleeding, it may cause significant iron deficiency anemia.

Cause

Intermittent spotting between periods can result from any of numerous reproductive system disorders.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Endometriosis
Adenomyosis
Ectopic pregnancy
Hormone imbalance
Endometrial hyperplasia
Polyps
Endometritis
Cervicitis
Vaginitis
Diets which induce ketosis, such as the Atkins diet
Use of progestin-only contraceptives, such as Depo Provera
Cervical cancer
Uterine cancer
Vaginal cancer
Endometrial cancer
Primary fallopian tube cancer
Ovarian cancer
Uterine leiomyomas
Enlarged uterus with menorrhea
Irregular ovulation, commonly caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome
Pregnancy (implantation bleeding, ectopic pregnancy, or incomplete miscarriage)
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Von Willebrand Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease
PCOS
Change in oral contraception
Trauma
Sexual abuse or rape

References

^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/rrhagia
^ MedicineNet.com > Definition of Metrorrhagia Last Editorial Review: 3/17/2003
^ Carlson, Karen J., MD; Eisenstat, Stephanie A., MD; Ziporyn, Terra, PhD (2004). The New Harvard Guide to Women's Health. Harvard University Press. p. 385. ISBN 0-674-01343-3.

External links

This article about a disease, disorder, or medical condition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 妊娠していない生殖可能年齢の女性における不正子宮出血に対するアプローチ approach to abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive age women
2. 思春期における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の診断的評価 diagnostic evaluation of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
3. 思春期における異常子宮出血：定義および評価 abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents definition and evaluation
4. 女性における生殖器出血の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of genital tract bleeding in women
5. 思春期における異常子宮出血：鑑別診断およびアプローチ abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents differential diagnosis and approach

English Journal

Endometrial study in patients with postmenopausal metrorrhagia.

Torrijos MC1, de Merlo GG1, Mirasol EG1, García MT1, Parra CÁ1, Goy EI2.
Archives of medical science : AMS.Arch Med Sci.2016 Jun 1;12(3):597-602. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59934. Epub 2016 May 18.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to devise a strategy to diagnose malign endometrial pathologies (adenocarcinoma or atypical hyperplasia) that minimizes the number of invasive tests done (hysteroscopy, aspiration biopsy or curettage) with no loss of its detection efficiency.MATERIAL AND METHOD
PMID 27279854

Comparison of classic terminology with the FIGO PALM-COEIN system for classification of the underlying causes of abnormal uterine bleeding.

Töz E1, Sancı M2, Özcan A2, Beyan E2, İnan AH2.
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.Int J Gynaecol Obstet.2016 Jun;133(3):325-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.09.033. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
OBJECTIVE: To compare classic terminology and the PALM-COEIN (polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia, coagulopathy, ovulatory disorders, endometrium, iatrogenic, and not classified) classification system among women who underwent surgery for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and to
PMID 26952349

PALM-COEIN Nomenclature for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.

Deneris A.
Journal of midwifery & women's health.J Midwifery Womens Health.2016 May;61(3):376-9. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12440. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Approximately 30% of women will experience abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) during their life time. Previous terms defining AUB have been confusing and imprecisely applied. As a consequence, both clinical management and research on this common problem have been negatively impacted. In 2011, the Inter
PMID 26969858

Safety profile of etifoxine: A French pharmacovigilance survey.

Cottin J1, Gouraud A1, Jean-Pastor MJ2, Dautriche AD3, Boulay C4, Geniaux H5, Auffret M6, Bernard N1, Descotes J1, Vial T1.
Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.Fundam Clin Pharmacol.2016 Apr;30(2):147-52. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12169. Epub 2016 Jan 26.
Etifoxine chlorhydrate is a benzoxazine derivative approved for the treatment of psychosomatic manifestations of anxiety since 1979. Previously labeled adverse drug reactions (ADRs) only include drowsiness, benign cutaneous reactions, and acute hypersensitivity reactions. The objectives were to exam
PMID 26588183