WordNet

of or relating to the mind; "mental powers"; "mental development"; "mental hygiene"
affected by a disorder of the mind; "a mental patient"; "mental illness"
involving the mind or an intellectual process; "mental images of happy times"; "mental calculations"; "in a terrible mental state"; "mental suffering"; "free from mental defects"
of or relating to the chin- or liplike structure in insects and certain mollusks
a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure (同)hiatus
marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude (同)foraminifer

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『精神の』,心の / 頭脳の,知能の / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》精神病の / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》頭の中で行う / 《英話》《補語にのみ用いて》頭のおかしい,気がふれた
(骨・植物などの)孔(こう),開口

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/09 12:56:38」(JST)

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The mandibular incisive canal (indicated here by coral green arrows) continuing anteriorly (to the right) from the mandibular canal (purple arrows) after the mental foramen (light green circle).

The mental foramen is one of two holes ("foramina") located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It permits passage of the mental nerve and vessels. The mental foramen descends slightly in edentulous individuals.^[1]

Variations[edit]

The most frequent position (63%) of the mental foramen is in line with the longitudinal axis of the 2nd premolar tooth. Multiple mental foramina are observed in 17% of the sides. Only (4%) of the mandibles show bilateral multiple mental foramina. The majority of the multiple foramina are unequal in size: a single large foramen while the others are small (satellite) foramina. An incisive mental foramen is observed in 1% of the sides [1].

Additional images[edit]

Side view of the skull.
The skull from the front.
Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion.
Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve.
The permanent teeth, viewed from the right.

References[edit]

^ Soikkonen K, Wolf J, Ainamo A, Xie Q. (November 1995). "Changes in the position of the mental foramen as a result of alveolar atrophy". J Oral Rehabil. 22 (11): 831–3. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb00230.x. PMID 8558356. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

External links[edit]

cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V)
Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 34256.000-1
Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 34256.000-2
SUNY - lateral view
SUNY - frontal view
Diagram at uni-mainz.de

This musculoskeletal system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults
2. 知的障害（精神遅滞）をもつ成人のプライマリケア primary care of the adult with intellectual disability mental retardation
3. 成人における精神状態検査 the mental status examination in adults
4. 小児における知的障害（精神遅滞）：定義、原因および診断 intellectual disability mental retardation in children definition causes and diagnosis
5. 小児における知的障害（精神遅滞）：管理、転帰および予防 intellectual disability mental retardation in children management outcomes and prevention

English Journal

Neuroanastomosis and the innervation territory of the mental nerve.

Won SY1, Yang HM, Woo HS, Chang KY, Youn KH, Kim HJ, Hu KS.Author information 1Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, Korea.AbstractThe aim of this study was to clarify the distribution pattern and innervation territory of the mental nerve (MN) in the skin and mucosa by topographic examination by Sihler's staining, thereby providing reference anatomical information for surgical procedures and to enable prediction of regions of sensory disturbance following nerve damage. Ten human specimens were subjected to Sihler's staining, which is a highly accurate method for visualizing the distribution of nerve fibers without altering their topography. Each branch of the MN overlapped adjacent branches (five cases), or else they were distributed individually at the lower lip (five cases). The MN anastomosed with some branches of the facial nerve near the mental foramen. Moreover, some branches of the MN anastomosed with the buccal nerve of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensation to the skin and mucosa over the lateral region of the lower lip (six cases). The details of the distribution pattern and innervations territory of the MN presented herein may enable the prediction of a region of sensory disturbance following MN damage. Moreover, knowledge of the pattern of synapses with adjacent branches of other nerves, such as the facial (marginal mandibular and cervical branches) and the buccal nerves, might help to improve our understanding around incomplete anesthesia during the surgical procedures in oral & maxillofacial region. Clin. Anat. 598-602, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.).Clin Anat.2014 May;27(4):598-602. doi: 10.1002/ca.22310. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution pattern and innervation territory of the mental nerve (MN) in the skin and mucosa by topographic examination by Sihler's staining, thereby providing reference anatomical information for surgical procedures and to enable prediction of regions of s
PMID 24222330

Mandibular cortical indices on cone-beam computed tomography images in osteoporotic women on treatment with oral bisphosphonates.

Diniz-Freitas M1, Fernández-Montenegro P, Fernández-Feijoo J, Limeres-Posse J, González-Mosquera A, Vázquez-García E, Diz-Dios P.Author information 1Dental Medico-Surgical Research Group (OMEQUI), School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.AbstractOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mandibular cortical indices in osteoporotic women receiving oral bisphosphonates (oBPs).
Gerodontology.Gerodontology.2014 Apr 4. doi: 10.1111/ger.12121. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mandibular cortical indices in osteoporotic women receiving oral bisphosphonates (oBPs).MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 46 Caucasian women aged over 55 years on treatment with oBPs for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Information recorded included age, weight,
PMID 24698332

Inferior alveolar and mental nerve injuries associated with open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures: A Seven Year retrospective study.

Song Q1, Li S2, Patil PM3.Author information 1Department of Orthopaedics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Shandong Province 264100, China. Electronic address: fforoffice@163.com.2Department of Orthopaedics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Shandong Province 264100, China. Electronic address: lforoffice@163.com.3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Plot 32, 34, Knowledge Park 3, Greater Noida, 201308 Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: pavanpatil2000@yahoo.co.uk.AbstractPURPOSE: To document adverse neurosensory changes in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and mental nerve (MN) after surgical mandibular fracture treatment and to identify risk factors associated with these changes.
Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg.2014 Apr 2. pii: S1010-5182(14)00109-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.03.029. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To document adverse neurosensory changes in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and mental nerve (MN) after surgical mandibular fracture treatment and to identify risk factors associated with these changes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of patients surgically treated for mandibu
PMID 24787242