MTAL

WordNet

relatively dense in consistency; "thick cream"; "thick soup"; "thick smoke"; "thick fog"
(of darkness) very intense; "thick night"; "thick darkness"; "a face in deep shadow"; "deep night" (同)deep
in quick succession; "misfortunes come fast and thick" (同)thickly
abounding; having a lot of; "the top was thick with dust"
having component parts closely crowded together; "a compact shopping center"; "a dense population"; "thick crowds"; "a thick forest"; "thick hair"
not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions; "an inch thick"; "a thick board"; "a thick sandwich"; "spread a thick layer of butter"; "thick coating of dust"; "thick warm blankets"
any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree (同)tree branch
either of the two halves of a bow from handle to tip; "the upper limb of the bow"
the graduated arc that is attached to an instrument for measuring angles; "the limb of the sextant"
(astronomy) the circumferential edge of the apparent disc of the sun or the moon or a planet
one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper
of or relating to the medulla of any body part
containing or consisting of or resembling bone marrow
of or relating to the medulla oblongata
moving or going or growing upward; "the ascending plane"; "the ascending staircase"; "the ascending stems of chickweed"
the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal

PrepTutorEJDIC

『厚い』,分厚い;『太い』 / 《数量を表す名詞の後に用いて》『厚さ…の』,太さ…の / (液体・気体が)『濃い』,濃厚な / 『密な』,密生した,密集した / (なまりが)著しい,ひどい / (声が)はっきりしない,かすれた / (頭が)重い,ぼんやりした / 《話》ばかな,愚かな / 《話》親密な;(…と)親して《+with+名》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…で)いっぱいの,満ちた《+with+名》 / 『厚く』,分厚く,濃く,密に / 《the ~》(…)最も厚い(太い,濃い,密な)部分《+of+名》 / 《the ~》(活動などの)たけなわ,まっただ中《+of+名》
(動物の)『手足』;(鳥の)翼 / (木の)大枝
〈U〉骨髄 / =medulla oblongata

UpToDate Contents

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1. Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (medullary cystic kidney disease)
2. 腎性尿崩症の臨床症状および原因 clinical manifestations and causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
3. バーター症候群およびギテルマン症候群 bartter and gitelman syndromes
4. 一酸化窒素と腎臓 nitric oxide and the kidney
5. ミルク・アルカリ症候群 the milk alkali syndrome

English Journal

Acute SGLT inhibition normalizes oxygen tension in the renal cortex but causes hypoxia in the renal medulla in anaesthetized control and diabetic rats.

O Neill J1, Fasching A2, Pihl L3, Patinha D4, Franzén S5, Palm F6.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2015 Jun 3:ajprenal.00689.2015. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00689.2014. [Epub ahead of print]
Early stage diabetic nephropathy is characterized by glomerular hyperfiltration and reduced renal tissue oxygen tension (PO2). Recent, observations indicate that increased tubular sodium glucose linked transport (SGLT) plays a role in the development of diabetes-induced hyperfiltration. The aim of t
PMID 26041448

Furosemide-induced urinary acidification is caused by pronounced H+ secretion in the thick ascending limb.

de Bruijn PI1, Larsen CK1, Frische S1, Himmerkus N2, Praetorius HA1, Bleich M3, Leipziger J4.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2015 May 20:ajprenal.00154.2015. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00154.2015. [Epub ahead of print]
The loop diuretic furosemide inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb (TAL). In addition, furosemide acidifies the urine, which is traditionally explained by increased Na+ loading to the distal tubule causing an activation of H+ secretion via the H+-ATPase in α-intercalated (α-IC) ce
PMID 25995110

A mathematical model of rat proximal tubule and loop of Henle.

Weinstein AM1.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2015 May 15;308(10):F1076-97. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00504.2014. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
Proximal tubule and loop of Henle function are coupled, with proximal transport determining loop fluid composition, and loop transport modulating glomerular filtration via tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). To examine this interaction, we begin with published models of the superficial rat proximal con
PMID 25694479

Japanese Journal

Renal outer medullary potassium channel knockout models reveal thick ascending limb function and dysfunction

WANG Tong
Clinical and experimental nephrology 16(1), 49-54, 2012-02-01
NAID 10030342558

Chloride-Dependent Intracellular pH Regulation via Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Medullary Thick Ascending Limb of the Mouse Kidney

ASLANOVA ULVIYYA FIZULI,MORIMOTO TETSUJI,FARAJOV ELNUR ILHAM,KUMAGAI NAONORI,NISHINO MINAKO,SUGAWARA NORIKO,OHSAGA ATSUSHI,MARUYAMA YOSHIO,TSUCHIYA SHIGERU,TAKAHASHI SHORI,KONDO YOSHIAKI
THE TOHOKU JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 210(4), 291-300, 2006-12-01
NAID 10018809782

Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Renal Injury : Physiological Role of Angiotensin II-Induced Oxidative Stress in Renal Medulla

Mori Takefumi,Cowley Jr. Allen W.,Ito Sadayoshi
Journal of pharmacological sciences 100(1), 2-8, 2006-01-20
… Renal medullary circulation has now been found to play a fundamental role in regulating long-term blood pressure control and fluid balance. … Elevation of superoxide or reduction of nitric oxide (NO) in renal medulla decreases medullary blood flow and Na excretion, resulting in sustained hypertension. …
NAID 10018240866