WordNet

the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)b
the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen (同)type_B, group B
any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism
abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract

PrepTutorEJDIC

《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
『ビタミン』,栄養素(身体の喜常な機能を維持するために少量ながら必要な有機化合物)
black(鉛筆の軟度を示す;硬度は『H』(=hard)で表す) / boronの化学記号

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1. ビタミンB12および葉酸欠乏症の病因および臨床症状 etiology and clinical manifestations of vitamin b12 and folate deficiency
2. 吸収不良の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of malabsorption
3. ビタミンB12および葉酸欠乏症の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of vitamin b12 and folate deficiency
4. 酸関連疾患治療のためのプロトンポンプ阻害剤の概要および比較 overview and comparison of the proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of acid related disorders
5. 疾患予防におけるビタミン補給 vitamin supplementation in disease prevention

Shipton MJ1, Thachil J2.
Clinical medicine (London, England).Clin Med.2015 Apr;15(2):145-50. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-2-145.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition which can present with non-specific clinical features, and in severe cases with neurological or haematological abnormalities. Although classically caused by pernicious anaemia, this condition now accounts for a minority of cases and vitamin B12 deficiency
PMID 25824066

Single nucleotide polymorphisms related to vitamin B12 serum levels in autoimmune gastritis patients with or without pernicious anaemia.

Lahner E1, Gentile G2, Purchiaroni F1, Mora B3, Simmaco M4, Annibale B5.
Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver.Dig Liver Dis.2015 Apr;47(4):285-90. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.01.147. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
BACKGROUND: Autoimmune gastritis may present as pernicious anaemia arising from vitamin B12 malabsorption, but also with iron deficiency anaemia due to iron malabsorption. These different clinical presentations might have a genetic basis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with vitamin B12 l
PMID 25681243

Wong CW1.
Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine.Hong Kong Med J.2015 Apr;21(2):155-64. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common among the elderly. Elderly people are particularly at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency because of the high prevalence of atrophic gastritis-associated food-cobalamin (vitamin B12) malabsorption, and the increasing prevalence of pernicious anaemia with advancing age. Th
PMID 25756278

黒岩実,西明,山本英輝,大竹紗弥香,畑中政博,鈴木則夫
日本小児外科学会雑誌 46(5), 857-861, 2010-08-20
患児は7歳2月の男児.日齢1で回腸閉鎖,胎便性腹膜炎のため開腹され,空腸結腸吻合が行われた(残存空腸70cm).2歳8月で経静脈栄養より離脱したが,6歳過ぎから原因不明の高ビリルビン血症がみられ,その後全身倦怠感や運動時の息切れが出現した.血液検査で貧血(大球性高色素性)を認め,血中葉酸は正常だがビタミンB_<12>(VB_<12>)は71pg/mlと低値で,抗内因子抗体お …
NAID 110007682256

渡辺文雄
ビタミン 83(7), 369-373, 2009-07-25
… Dietary intake studies of nutrients demonstrated that Japanese elderly people ingested enough amounts of vitamin B_<12> … However, there is a high prevalence of low vitamin B_<12> … Gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B_<12> …
NAID 110007338163

Genetically heterogeneous selective intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12 : founder effects, consanguinity, and high clinical awareness explain aggregations in Scandinavia and the Middle East