WordNet

a small yellowish central area of the retina that is rich in cones and that mediates clear detailed vision (同)macula_lutea, macular_area, yellow_spot
a small sac or pouch (especially the smaller chamber of the membranous labyrinth) (同)sacculus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/25 18:43:48」(JST)

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The saccule is the larger of the two vestibular sacs (the utricle being the other); it is globular in form, and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. Its anterior part exhibits an oval thickening, the macula of saccule (or saccular macula), to which are distributed the saccular filaments of the acoustic nerve.

The vestibule is a region of the inner ear which contains the saccule and the utricle, each of which contain a macula to detect linear acceleration. The macula of saccule lies in a nearly vertical position. Its function is to detect vertical linear acceleration. It is a 2 mm by 3mm patch of hair cells. Each hair cell of the macula contains 40 to 70 stereocilia and one true cilia, called a kinocilium. A gelatinous cover called the otolithic membrane envelops the tips of the stereocilia and kinocilium. The otolithic membrane is weighted with small densely packed protein-calcium carbonate granules called statoconica. The macula of the utricle is in a horizontal position and detects horizontal acceleration. The coordinated sensory perception of acceleration both vertically and horizontally along the vestibular nerve, allow for the perception of linear acceleration in any direction.

In vertical linear acceleration, the weighted otolithic membrane lags behind the stereocilia and kinocilium. This bends the stereocilia, which is interpreted by the brain as vertical linear acceleration.

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References

^ Saladin’s 6th edition Anatomy and Physiology textbook
^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/175622/human-ear/65064/Detection-of-linear-acceleration-static-equilibrium?anchor=ref532026
^ http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/textbook/chap-7.html
^ http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter10.html

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

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Mahmoud A, Reed C, Maklad A.SourceDepartment of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center.
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Perception of linear acceleration, and head position is the function of the utricle and saccule in mammals. Non-mammalian vertebrates possess a third otolith endorgan, the macula lagena. Different functions have been ascribed to the lagena in arboreal birds, including hearing, equilibrium, homing be
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Temporal and spatial distribution of gentamicin in the peripheral vestibular system after transtympanic administration in guinea pigs.

Zhang R, Zhang YB, Dai CF, Steyger PS.SourceDepartment of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
Hearing research.Hear Res.2013 Apr;298:49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.01.010. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transtympanic administration of gentamicin is effective for treating patients with intractable vertigo. This study explored the spatial and temporal distribution of gentamicin in vestibular end-organs after transtympanic administration.METHODS: Thirty guinea pigs were trans
PMID 23380663

Does unilateral utricular dysfunction cause horizontal spontaneous nystagmus?

Manzari L, Burgess AM, Curthoys IS.SourceMSA ENT Academy Center, Cassino, Italy. manzari@libero.it
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2012 Nov;269(11):2441-5. doi: 10.1007/s00405-012-2127-z. Epub 2012 Aug 7.
The presence of spontaneous nystagmus in darkness with a strong horizontal component has been taken to indicate that there is asymmetrical function of the horizontal semicircular canals. If this horizontal spontaneous nystagmus can be suppressed by vision, then it is regarded as due to peripheral ho
PMID 22869020

Japanese Journal

Temporal Bone Histopathology Exhibiting Cochleosaccular Degeneration in a Patient with Profound Deafness

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日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 107(3), 195-198, 2004
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NAID 130000797844

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Morphological Changes of the Vestibular Labyrinth by Experimental Perilymph Fistula

KUKITA Naohito,NOMURA Yasuya
The Showa University Journal of
… The vestibular pathology of a perilymph fistula produced either by injecting an artificial perilymph into the subarachnoid space or by suctioning the perilymph through the round window was studied in animal models. … Vestibular changes observed were the collapse of the otolithic organs or the semicircular ducts, which were demonstrated by computer graphics from serially sectioned specimens. … Collapse of the utricular wall was common. …
NAID 130004070337