macrodactyly

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/09 17:53:30」(JST)

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Local gigantism affecting second toe of a child

Local gigantism or localised gigantism is a condition in which a certain part of the body acquires larger than normal size due to excessive growth of the anatomical structures or abnormal accumulation of substances. It is more common in fingers and toes, where it is termed macrodactyly. However, sometimes an entire limb may be enlarged.

Causes

Local gigantism may be caused by a heterogeneous group of both congenital and acquired conditions.

Congenital

Congenital causes include:

• Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome
• Maffucci syndrome
• macrodystrophia lipomatosa
• neurofibromatosis,
• lipoatrophic diabetes.
• Proteus syndrome, which by one theory accounts for the deformities of the Elephant Man

Acquired

There are a number of acquired causes of local gigantism. A body part can attain bigger size from causes as common as the following:

• inflammation, due to trauma or infection
• tumors like osteoid osteoma, melorheostosis, and lipofibromatous hamartoma
• Arteriovenous malformations occurring on a limb, before the closure of epiphyses in long bones
• Elephantiasis, which is quite common in south-east asia due to prevalence of filariasis.
• Still's disease
• amyloidosis
• acromegaly

Treatment

As the causes of local gigantism are varied, treatment depends on the particular condition. Treatment may range from antibiotics and other medical therapy, to surgery in order to correct the anatomical anomaly.

References

External links

• "Gigantism". Medcyclopaedia. GE. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 末梢神経腫瘍 peripheral nerve tumors

English Journal

• Massive Heterotopic Ossification around the Ankle in a Patient with Macrodactyly of the Foot: A Case Report.

• Matsuzaki T, Hitora T, Akisue T, Imaizumi Y, Yamagami Y, Yamamoto T.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan.
• The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.J Foot Ankle Surg.2012 Sep;51(5):648-51. Epub 2012 Jun 9.
• A 40-year-old man with macrodactyly of the left great toe presented with progressive enlargement of the ipsilateral ankle and increasing pain after minor trauma. Radiographs and computed tomographic scans of the foot and ankle revealed macrodactyly of the great toe and a large heterotopic ossified m
• PMID 22687528

• Phenotypic progression of skeletal anomalies in CLOVES syndrome.

• Klein S, Stroberg A, Ghahremani S, Martinez-Agosto JA.SourceDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
• American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2012 Jul;158A(7):1690-5. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35383. Epub 2012 May 24.
• Overgrowth syndromes, defined as genetic disorders in which there is disproportionate somatic growth, are challenging to diagnose due to their heterogeneous presentations and possible differing genetic etiologies. CLOVES syndrome is characterized by congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malform
• PMID 22628280

Japanese Journal

• 臨床室 巨指症を伴わない母指尺側指神経の線維脂肪性肥大の1例

• 南野 光彦,澤泉 卓哉,伊藤 博元
• 整形外科 62(6), 534-536, 2011-06
• NAID 40018849193

• Aberrant muscle syndrome : Hypertrophy of the hand and arm due to aberrant muscles with or without hypertrophy of the muscles

• OGINO Toshihiko,SATAKE Hiroshi,TAKAHARA Masatoshi,KIKUCHI Noriaki,WATANABE Tadayosi,IBA Kousuke,ISHII Seiichi
• Congenital anomalies 50(2), 133-138, 2010-06-01
• NAID 10029577909

Related Pictures

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「長指症」

「長指症」

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macrodactyly