WordNet

overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration; "The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!"
cause to cease operating; "kill the engine"
destroy a vitally essential quality of or in; "Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods"
tire out completely; "The daily stress of her work is killing her"
the destruction of an enemy plane or ship or tank or missile; "the pilot reported two kills during the mission"
mark for deletion, rub off, or erase; "kill these lines in the Presidents speech" (同)obliterate, wipe_out
thwart the passage of; "kill a motion"; "he shot down the students proposal" (同)shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out
be fatal; "cigarettes kill"; "drunken driving kills"
be the source of great pain for; "These new shoes are killing me!"
cause the death of, without intention; "She was killed in the collision of three cars"
cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly; "This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank"; "The farmer killed a pig for the holidays"
deprive of life; "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa"
hit with great force; "He killed the ball"
hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games; "She killed the ball"
small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that decompose organic matter (同)aerate
make (substances) radioactive
make active or more active; "activate an old file"
make more adsorptive; "activate a metal"
rendered active; e.g. rendered radioactive or luminescent or photosensitive or conductive
(of e.g. a molecule) made reactive or more reactive (同)excited
(military) set up and placed on active assignment; "a newly activated unit"
(of sewage) treated with aeration and bacteria to aid decomposition
someone who causes the death of a person or animal (同)slayer
a difficulty that is hard to deal with; "that exam was a real killer"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈人・動物〉‘を'『殺す』,死亡させる / 〈植物〉‘を'枯らす / …‘を'だめにする,失わせる / 《話》…‘を'ひどく痛ませる(疲れさせる,不快にさせる) / 〈時間〉‘を'つぶす / 〈記事など〉‘を'没にする,握りつぶす / 人殺しをする / 殺すこと;(特に狩猟の)獲物をしとめること / (猟の)獲物
(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
…'を'活動的にする / …‘に'放射能を与える / 〈物質〉'を'活性化する
殺人者;屠殺(とさつ)者;殺し屋

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/30 17:18:28」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

In cell biology, a lymphokine-activated killer cell (also known as a LAK cell) is a white blood cell that has been stimulated to kill tumor cells.^[1] If lymphocytes are cultured in the presence of Interleukin 2, it results in the development of effector cells which are cytotoxic to tumor cells.^[2]

Mechanism

It has been shown that lymphocytes, when exposed to Interleukin 2, are capable of lysing fresh, non-cultured cancer cells, both primary and metastatic.^[3] LAK cells respond to these lymphokines, particularly IL-2, by lysing tumor cells that were already known to be resistant to NK cell activity.^[4]

The mechanism of LAK cells is distinctive from that of natural killer cells because they can lyse cells that NK cells cannot.^[4] LAK cells are also capable of acting against cells that do not display the major histocompatibility complex, as has been shown by the ability to cause lysis in non-immunogenic, allogeneic and syngeneic tumors.^[4] LAK cells are specific to tumor cells and do not display activity against normal cells.^[4]

Cancer Treatment

LAK cells, along with the administration of IL-2 have been experimentally used to treat cancer in mice and humans, but there is very high toxicity with this treatment.^[5]

Notes and references

^ "Definition of lymphokine-activated killer cell". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
^ "Medical Dictionary: Lymphokine-activated killer cell". Wrong Diagnosis. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
^ E A Fagan and A L Eddleston (1987). "Immunotherapy for cancer: the use of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells.". GUT: An International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 28 (2): 113–116. doi:10.1136/gut.28.2.113. PMC 1432985. PMID 3549471.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lafreniere R, Rosenberg SA (1985). "Successful immunotherapy of murine experimental hepatic metastases with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant Interleukin 2.". Cancer Res 45: 3735–41.
^ Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Muul LM, et al. (1985). "Observations on the systemic administration of autologous lymohokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic cancer.". New England Journal of Medicine 313: 1485–92. doi:10.1056/nejm198512053132327.

External links

Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This cell biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 進行黒色腫に対するインターロイキン2およびその他の免疫療法 interleukin 2 and other immunotherapies for advanced melanoma
2. 腎細胞癌の免疫療法 immunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma
3. 造血細胞移植後の移植片対腫瘍効果の生物学 biology of the graft versus tumor effect following hematopoietic cell transplantation
4. 非小細胞肺癌に対する免疫療法 immunotherapy for non small cell lung cancer
5. 生物学的製剤を用いた癌治療の神経学的合併症 neurologic complications of cancer treatment with biologic agents

English Journal

Interleukin-2: a double-edge sword in allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Avni B1, Grisariu S1, Shapira MY1.
Immunotherapy.Immunotherapy.2016 Feb 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 26860186

Primary analysis for clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Chen L1, Zhang X2.
Immunotherapy.Immunotherapy.2016 Feb;8(2):223-34. doi: 10.2217/imt.15.105. Epub 2015 Nov 13.
AIMS: Immunotherapy is an important treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of PC, we performed a systemic review and meta-analysis of the relevant published clinical trials, collectively referred to as DC, DC-CIK, LAK, NK
PMID 26565954

TOPK promotes lung cancer resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors by phosphorylating and activating c-Jun.

Li Y1, Yang Z2,3, Li W1, Xu S1,4, Wang T5, Wang T6, Niu M1, Zhang S2, Jia L6, Li S1.
Oncotarget.Oncotarget.2016 Jan 6. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6826. [Epub ahead of print]
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have shown promising clinical efficacy in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, resistance is frequently observed in malignant cells, operating through a mechanism that remains largely unknown
PMID 26745678

Japanese Journal

免疫細胞療法 (特集大腸癌の最新治療 : 治癒に向けた最先端研究)

柴田昌彦,権田憲士,隈元謙介 [他]
日本臨床 72(1), 42-48, 2014-01
NAID 40019920508

A case of advanced lung cancer treated by surgery followed by adjuvant combination therapy of gefitinib and interleukin-2 lymphokine-activated killer cell immunotherapy

Ayabe Takanori,Shimizu Tetsuya,Tomita Masaki,Kushima Yoshiaki,Onitsuka Toshio
Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy 20(1), 11-16, 2012
… The patient received combination therapy of gefitinib and interleukin-2 lymphokine-activated killer cell immunotherapy in 6 cycles. …
NAID 130002068752

Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Killer Cells and Lymphokine- Activated Killer Cells Against Mycobacterial Pathogens

佐野千晶,Emori Masako,Saito Hajime,多田納豊,清水利朗,富岡治明
Shimane journal of medical science 28(1), 35-40, 2011-12-01
… We studied the antimicrobial activity of natural killer（NK）cells and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK）cells against Escherichia coli and some nontuberculous mycobacteria（NTM）including Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare.When the antimicrobial activity of these cells was measured in terms of the number of residual colony forming units of test microorganisms, it was found that E. …
NAID 120005586496

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「LAK細胞」「LAK cell」「リンホカイン活性化キラー細胞」「リンフォカイン活性化キラー細胞」
関連記事	「kill」「activated」「activate」「killer」「cell」