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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/12 10:08:09」(JST)

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Luteolysis (also known as luteal regression) is the structural and functional degradation of the corpus luteum (CL), which occurs at the end of the luteal phase of both the estrous and menstrual cycles in the absence of pregnancy. In domestic animals, luteolysis is initiated by the hormones prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin. In sheep, communication between the pars nervosa (posterior lobe of the pituitary gland), corpus luteum, and the uterus endometrium via the circulatory system is required for luteolysis. Studies with sheep have found that, if the uterine horn ipsalateral to the ovary possessing the CL is surgically removed, the lifespan of the corpus luteum will increase drastically.

Luteolysis in primates (including humans), however, is not caused by prostaglandin, and removal of the uterus will not prolong the life of the corpus luteum. However, primates do respond to PGF2a, and women and asthmatics should take great care when handling this hormone.

Oestrogen and primarily progesterone, secreted by the corpus luteum, inhibit the release of Luteinizing hormone (LH) by the adenohypophysis (anterior lobe of the pituitary gland) via classical negative feedback mechanisms. This removes the luteotrophic support provided by the gonadotropin Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and the corpus luteum degrades to a corpus albicans (scar tissue), which is eventually absorbed into the ovary.

Degradation of the corpus luteum will result in reduced levels of progesterone, promoting an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion by the adenohypophysis, which will trigger the development of a new follicle on the ovary.

If pregnancy occurs, the placental hormone chorionic gonadotrophin continues to maintain the corpus luteum, but in some species it will eventually degrade sometime during pregnancy.

References[edit]

Bagnell, C. 2005. "Animal Reproduction". Rutgers University Department of Animal Sciences.

Hadley, M.E. and Levine, J.E. 2007. Endocrinology, 6th Edition.

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English Journal

Assessment of an accelerometer system for detection of estrus and treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone at the time of insemination in lactating dairy cows.

Valenza A, Giordano JO, Lopes G Jr, Vincenti L, Amundson MC, Fricke PM.SourceDepartment of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10095; Department of Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10095.
Journal of dairy science.J Dairy Sci.2012 Dec;95(12):7115-27. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5639. Epub 2012 Oct 3.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate an accelerometer system (Heatime; SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) to manage reproduction in lactating dairy cows. In experiment 1, lactating Holstein cows (n=112) were fitted with an accelerometer system and were treated with GnRH followed 7d later by
PMID 23040033

Japanese Journal

Downregulation of Lymphatic Vessel Formation Factors in PGF₂α-induced Luteolysis in the Cow

NITTA Akane,SHIRASUNA Koumei,NIBUNO Sayo [他]
The journal of reproduction and development 59(3), 296-301, 2013-06
NAID 40019666943

Downregulation of Lymphatic Vessel Formation Factors in PGF2α-induced Luteolysis in the Cow

NITTA Akane,SHIRASUNA Koumei,NIBUNO Sayo,BOLLWEIN Heinrich,SHIMIZU Takashi,MIYAMOTO Akio
Journal of Reproduction and Development 59(3), 296-301, 2013
… Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) induces luteolysis in cows and causes infiltration of immune cells, which resembles inflammatory immune response. … Since the general immune response is mediated by the lymphatic system, we hypothesized that luteolysis is associated with generation of an immune response that involves lymphatic vessels in the bovine corpus luteum (CL). … During PGF2α-induced luteolysis, the levels of mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα; …
NAID 130003361013

Galectin-1 and galectin-3 in the corpus luteum of mice are differentially regulated by prolactin and prostaglandin F2α

Nio-Kobayashi Junko,Iwanaga Toshihiko
Reproduction 144(5), 617-624, 2012-11
… PRL withdrawal seems to be necessary for an initiation of luteolysis and the following PGF2α-induced galectin expression. …
NAID 120005346988