壌土、ローム
WordNet
- a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials
- consisting of or having the character of loam; "richy loamy soil"
- having no loam; "a stony loamless yard"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- ローム(砂・有機物などを含んだ肥土;れんが・しっくいなどの材料)
- ローム土壌の
- 薄明かり(twilight),薄暮(dusk)
- 見よ,そら
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/03/13 16:50:11」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Loam is soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even proportions (about 40%-40%-20% concentration respectively).[1] These proportions can vary to a degree however, and result in different types of loam soils: sandy loam, silty loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, and loam.[1] Loam soils generally contain more nutrients, moisture, and humus than sandy soils, have better drainage and infiltration of water and air than silty soils, and are easier to till than clay soils. The different types of loam soils each have slightly different characteristics, with some draining liquids more efficiently than others.
Loam is considered ideal for gardening and agricultural uses because it retains nutrients well and retains water while still allowing excess water to drain away.[2] A soil dominated by one or two of the three particle size groups can behave like loam if it has a strong granular structure, promoted by a high content of organic matter. However, a soil that meets the textural definition of loam can lose its characteristic desirable qualities when it is compacted, depleted of organic matter, or has clay dispersed throughout its fine-earth fraction.[clarification needed]
Loam is found in a majority of successful farms in regions around the world known for their fertile land.[citation needed] Loam soil feels soft and crumbly and is easy to work over a wide range of moisture conditions.
Use in house construction[edit]
Loam may be used for the construction of houses. Construction crews can build a layer of loam on the inside of walls, which can help to control air humidity. Loam, combined with straw, can be used as a rough construction material to build walls. This is one of the oldest technologies for house construction in the world. Within this there are two broad methods: the use of rammed earth, or unfired bricks (adobe).[3]
See also[edit]
- Particle size (grain size)
- Soil texture
- Loess
References[edit]
- ^ a b Kaufmann, Robert K.; Cutler J. Cleveland (2008). Environmental Science. McGraw-Hill. pp. 318–319. ISBN 978-0-07-298429-3.
- ^ B. Rosie Lerner, "What is Loam?", Purdue University Consumer Horticulture, 6 January 2000. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
- ^ Gerhard Koch, "Loam Construction – from a niche product to an industrial building system". Tokyo: Action for Sustainability – The 2005 World Sustainable Building Conference in Tokyo, Japan, September 2005. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
External links[edit]
English Journal
- Selenium content of Belgian cultivated soils and its uptake by field crops and vegetables.
- De Temmerman L, Waegeneers N, Thiry C, Du Laing G, Tack F, Ruttens A.Author information Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg 17, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium.AbstractA series of 695 food crops were collected on 539 soils throughout Belgium. All samples were collected on commercial production fields, omitting private gardens. All crops were analyzed for their selenium (Se) concentration. The soils represent different soil types occurring in Belgium, with soil textures ranging from sand to silt loam, and including a few clay soils. They were analyzed for Se concentration, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity and extractable sulphur (S) concentration. The Se concentrations in the soils were low (range 0.14-0.70mgkg(-1) dw), but increasing soil Se concentrations were observed with increasing clay content. Stepwise multiple regressions were applied to determine relations between Se concentrations in crops and soil characteristics. Among field crops, wheat is the most important accumulator of selenium but the concentration remains rather low on the Belgian low Se-soils. Based on dry weight, leafy vegetables contain more Se than wheat. The soil is the most important source of Se and the element is transported with the water stream to the leaves, where it is accumulated. Vegetables rich in S, e.g. some Brassica and Allium species, have a higher capacity to accumulate Se as it can replace S in the proteins, although this accumulation is still limited at low soil Se concentrations. In loamy soils, weak correlations were found between the soil Se concentration and its concentration in wheat and potato. The uptake of Se increased with increasing pH. The Se concentrations in Belgian soils are far too low to generate a driving force on Se uptake. General climatic conditions such as temperature, air humidity and soil moisture are also important for the transfer of Se within the plant, and plant linked factors such as cultivar, growth stage and edible part are important as well, although their influence remains limited at low soil Se concentrations.
- The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2014 Jan 15;468-469:77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.016. Epub 2013 Sep 6.
- A series of 695 food crops were collected on 539 soils throughout Belgium. All samples were collected on commercial production fields, omitting private gardens. All crops were analyzed for their selenium (Se) concentration. The soils represent different soil types occurring in Belgium, with soil tex
- PMID 24013513
- Comparison of equilibrium and non-equilibrium distribution coefficients for the human drug carbamazepine in soil.
- Williams CF, Watson JE, Nelson SD.Author information USDA-ARS, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 N. Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States. Electronic address: clinton.williams@ars.usda.gov.AbstractThe distribution coefficient (KD) for the human drug carbamazepine was measured using a non-equilibrium technique. Repacked soil columns were prepared using an Airport silt loam (Typic Natrustalf) with an average organic matter content of 2.45%. Carbamazepine solutions were then leached through the columns at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mL min(-1) representing average linear velocities of 1.8, 3.5 and 5.3 cm h(-1) respectively. Each flow rate was replicated three times and three carbamazepine pulses were applied to each column resulting in a total of 9 columns with 27 total carbamazepine pulses. Breakthrough curves were used to determine KD using the parameter fitting software CXTFIT. Results indicate that as flow rate decreased from 5.3 to 1.8 cm h(-1), KD increased an average of 21%. Additionally, KD determined by column leaching (14.7-22.7 L kg(-1)) was greater than KD determined by a 2h batch equilibrium adsorption (12.6 L kg(-1)). Based on these KD's carbamazepine would be generally characterized as non-mobile in the soil investigated. However, repeated carbamazepine applications resulted in an average 22% decrease in KD between the first and third applications. Decreasing KD is attributed to differences in sorption site kinetics and carbamazepine residence time in contact with the soil. This would indicate that the repeated use of reclaimed wastewater at high application rates for long-term irrigation or groundwater recharge has the potential to lead to greater transport of carbamazepine than KD determined by batch equilibrium would predict.
- Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2014 Jan;95:166-73. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.057. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
- The distribution coefficient (KD) for the human drug carbamazepine was measured using a non-equilibrium technique. Repacked soil columns were prepared using an Airport silt loam (Typic Natrustalf) with an average organic matter content of 2.45%. Carbamazepine solutions were then leached through the
- PMID 24050717
- Leaching behaviour of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin in sandy loam soil.
- Rani M, Saini S, Kumari B.Author information Department of Chemistry and Physics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, India.AbstractThe mobility of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin in sandy loam soil was studied in soil columns under laboratory conditions at two application rates, 25 and 50 μg, with simulated rainfall of 300 mm. Residues of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin in soil and leachate were estimated by gas-liquid chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Though maximum concentration of both the insecticides was found in the top 10-cm layer, chlorpyriphos was found distributed in the soil up to a depth of 35 cm and cypermethrin remained up to 15 cm. Results indicated the low mobility of both the insecticides under saturated moisture condition and hence may not contaminate ground water. No residues of any insecticide were detected in the leachate fractions.
- Environmental monitoring and assessment.Environ Monit Assess.2014 Jan;186(1):175-82. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3364-3. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
- The mobility of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin in sandy loam soil was studied in soil columns under laboratory conditions at two application rates, 25 and 50 μg, with simulated rainfall of 300 mm. Residues of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin in soil and leachate were estimated by gas-liquid chromat
- PMID 23921848
Japanese Journal
- Influence of Azolla (Azolla microphylla Kaulf.) compost on biogenic gas production, inorganic nitrogen and growth of upland kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) in a silt loam soil(Fertilizers and soil amendments)
- JUMADI Oslan,HIOLA St. Fatmah,HALA Yusminah,NORTON Jeanette,INUBUSHI Kazuyuki
- Soil science and plant nutrition 60(5), 722-730, 2014-10
- … A pot experiment with upland kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) examined plant growth in silt loam soil treated with three levels of Azolla compost. …
- NAID 110009907928
- 静電容量型ECH₂O土壌水分センサーのキャリブレーション
- 三石 正一,溝口 勝
- 土壌の物理性 = Journal of the Japanese Society of Soil Physics (126), 63-70, 2014-04
- NAID 40020095876
- 真土式込型技法による大型鋳造品の製作工程報告 : 明治期大型銅像(日本武尊像、大村益次郎像、西郷隆盛像、楠正成像等)の鋳造技術研究資料として
Related Links
- LOAMは ガーデニングからランドスケープまで幅広くプロデュースする会社です。 また、ほんのちょっとだけグラフィックデザインもできる、 少しだけ変わった会社です。 LIFE UPDATE :
- LOAMは ガーデニングからランドスケープまで幅広くプロデュースする会社です。 また、ほんのちょっとだけグラフィックデザインもできる、 少しだけ変わった会社です。 ... 姉からの誕生日おめでとうメールに『サンキュー(39)っ ...
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
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- 関
- ローム
[★]
キロアンペア
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