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a congenital skin condition characterized by spots or bands of unpigmented skin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/21 09:59:54」(JST)

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Leukoderma is a cutaneous condition, an acquired condition with localized loss of pigmentation^[1] of the skin that may occur after any number of inflammatory skin conditions, burns, intralesional steroid injections, postdermabrasion, etc.^[2] It is largely a cosmetic problem, and is neither infectious nor contagious.

Classification

The most common form is non-segmental vitiligo, which tends to appear in symmetric patches, sometimes over large areas of the body.

Causes and pathophysiology

The cause of vitiligo is unknown, but research suggests that it may arise from autoimmune condition in which immune system of body destroys its own cells & tissues, genetic, stress. There are different theories suggesting autoimmune syndrome (a condition whereby the immune system of body destroys body’s own tissues & cells), impaired hepatic function as jaundice, gastric disorder, typhoid fever etc.

Leucoderma may appear due to certain external accidental causes, such a burn, a cut or an ulcer. These external factors damage melanocytes, the cells beneath skin which produce the melanin pigment. It results in diminished skin colour patches, which later converts white and prominent, forming white patches.

Treatment

Studies^[specify] have shown that immunomodulator creams such as Protopic and Elidel cause repigmentation in some cases, when used with UVB narrowband treatments. A 1997 report^[specify] suggests that combining vitamin B12 and folic acid supplements with sun exposure caused repigmentation in 62% of cases.

Epidemiology

The incidence worldwide is less than 1%.

Society and culture

The change in appearance caused by Vitiligo can affect a person's emotional and psychological well-being and may create difficulty in getting or keeping a job. People with this disorder can experience emotional stress, particularly if Vitiligo develops on visible areas of the body, such as the face, hands, arms, feet, or on the genitals. Participating in a Vitiligo support group may improve social coping skills and emotional fortitude.

The bael fruit is traditionally used^[where?] to treat this condition.^[3]

References

^ pigmentation. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved December 06, 2012.
^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 864. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
^ http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/bael_fruit.html

English Journal

Topical photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with 5-aminolevulinic acid: randomized controlled trial with six months follow-up.

Buinauskaite E1, Maciulaitis R, Buinauskiene J, Valiukeviciene S.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Dec;25(6):519-22. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.848257. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
BACKGROUND: Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AK) with some transient adverse events.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of two different light doses when treating AKs with ALA
PMID 24215475

Divided nevus of the eyelid: successful treatment with CO2 laser.

Zeng Y.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Aug;25(4):358-9. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.756970. Epub 2013 Feb 24.
BACKGROUND: Divided nevus of eyelid is a rare form of congenital nevus. It can cause cosmetic and psychological problems. The aim of the treatment is to reliably remove the lesion with minimal functional impairment, to improve the cosmetics, and to prevent canceration.METHODS: The paired nevi were t
PMID 23216296

Free nipple grafting: an alternative for patients ineligible for nipple-sparing mastectomy?

Doren EL1, Van Eldik Kuykendall L, Lopez JJ, Laronga C, Smith PD.
Annals of plastic surgery.Ann Plast Surg.2014 Jun;72 Suppl 2:S112-5. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000077.
Nipple-sparing mastectomy is an option for patients fitting oncologic criteria and may improve cosmetic outcomes of breast reconstruction. When anatomical limitations exist, we propose the use of free nipple grafting, akin to reduction mammaplasty. This study is a retrospective review of patients ha
PMID 24374396

Japanese Journal

Repigmentation of leukoderma in a piebald patient associated with a novel c-KIT gene mutation, G592E, of the tyrosine kinase domain

ARASE Noriko,WATAYA KANEDA Mari,OISO Naoki,TANEMURA Atsushi,KAWADA Akira,SUZUKI Tamio,KATAYAMA Ichiro
Journal of dermatological science 64(2), 147-149, 2011-11-01
NAID 10030893416