law of equivalent proportions

　

WordNet

1. (chemistry) law stating that the proportions in which two elements separately combine with a third element are also the proportions in which they combine together (同)law of reciprocal proportions
2. give pleasant proportions to; "harmonize a building with those surrounding it"
3. the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree; "an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations"; "a dry martini has a large proportion of gin" (同)ratio
4. adjust in size relative to other things
5. the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole
6. magnitude or extent; "a building of vast proportions" (同)dimension
7. harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design); "in all perfectly beautiful objects there is found the opposition of one part to another and a reciprocal balance"- John Ruskin (同)proportionality, balance
8. the learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system; "he studied law at Yale" (同)practice of law
9. the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" (同)jurisprudence
10. a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature; "the laws of thermodynamics" (同)law of nature
11. a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society (同)natural_law
12. legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity; "there is a law against kidnapping"
13. being essentially equal to something; "it was as good as gold"; "a wish that was equivalent to a command"; "his statement was tantamount to an admission of guilt" (同)tantamount
14. the atomic weight of an element that has the same combining capacity as a given weight of another element; the standard is 8 for oxygen (同)equivalent_weight, combining weight, eq
15. a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc; "send two dollars or the equivalent in stamps"
16. the syllable naming the sixth (submediant) note of a major or minor scale in solmization (同)lah

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《the~》(…に対する…の)『割合』,比率《+『of』+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…との)『調和』,均衡《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈C〉部分;割り前,分け前 / 《複数形で》大きさ / 〈U〉比例 / …‘の'調和をとる;(…に)…‘を'釣り合わせる《+『名』+『to』+『名』》
2. 〈U〉《the ~》《集合的に》(法律・法規を総称して)『法』 / 〈U〉〈C〉(個々の)『法律』,法規 / 〈U〉法の[統制]力 / 〈U〉法律学 / 〈U〉弁護士[業] / 〈U〉《the law》警察[力],警官(police) / 〈U〉法の適用(発動);訴訟(legal action) / 〈C〉(科学・芸術などでの)法則,きまり / 〈C〉〈U〉(一般に従うべき)おきて,ならわし,規則
3. 同等の,同量の,同価の / 同等(同価,同量)の物;(文法で)(…の)相当語句《+『for(of)』+『名』》
4. 《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
5. ラ(全音階の第6音)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/19 14:58:53」(JST)

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The law of reciprocal proportions (also called the law of equivalent proportions or law of permanent ratios ) is one of the basic laws of stoichiometry. It relates the proportions in which elements combine across a number of different elements. It was first formulated by Jeremias Richter 1791. A simple statement of the law is:-

If element A combines with element B and also with C, then, if B and C combine together, the proportion by weight in which they do so will be simply related to the weights of B and C which separately combine with a constant weight of A.

As an example, 1 gram of sodium (A) is observed to combine with either 1.54 grams of chlorine (B) or 5.52 grams of iodine (C). (These ratios correspond to the modern formulas NaCl and NaI). The ratio of these two weights is 5.52/1.54 = 3.58. It is also observed that 1 gram of chlorine reacts with 1.19 g of iodine. This ratio of 1.19 obeys the law because it is a simple fraction (1/3) of 3.58. (This is because it corresponds to the formula ICl₃, which is one known compound of iodine and chlorine.)

The acceptance of the law allowed tables of element equivalent weights to be drawn up. These equivalent weights were widely used by chemists in the 19th century.

The other laws of stoichiometry are the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions. The law of definite proportions refers to the fixed composition of any compound formed between element A and element B. The law of multiple proportions describes the stoichiometric relationship between two or more different compounds formed between element A and element B.

History

The law of reciprocal proportions was proposed in essence by Richter, following his determination of neutralisation ratios of metals with acids. In the early 19th century it was investigated by Berzelius, who formulated it as follows:

When two substances, A and B have an affinity for two others, C and D, the ratio of the quantities C and D which saturate the same amount of A is the same as that between the quantities C and D which saturate the same amount of B.

Later Jean Stas showed that within experimental error the stoichiometric laws were correct.

References

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law of equivalent proportions noun (chemistry) law stating that the proportions in which two elements separately combine with a third element are also the ... Explore Dictionary.com Previous Definition: law of equal areas Next ...

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★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「equivalent」「proportion」「law」

「equivalent」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 等価な、等価性の、相当する、対応する、同じ、当量の、相当するもの、等価物、(化学)当量

関

considerably、correspond、correspondence、corresponding、equal、equivalence、equivalency、equivalent weight、equivalently、identical、identically、management、match、parallel、same、substantial

　 　 　 　

「proportion」

　　[★]

• n.

• 割合、比率、比、比例。正しい関係、均衡、釣り合い、調和。分け前

• vt.

• ～を釣り合わせる

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「law」

　　[★]

• n.

• 法、法律

関

jurisprudence、litigation、method