WordNet
- lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body; "lateral lemniscus"
- situated at or extending to the side; "the lateral branches of a tree"; "shot out sidelong boughs"- Tennyson (同)sidelong
- a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet (同)pamphlet
- an extended area of land (同)piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel
- a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
- a drawing created by superimposing a semitransparent sheet of paper on the original image and copying on it the lines of the original image (同)trace
- the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline
- the discovery and description of the course of development of something; "the tracing of genealogies"
- comparative of the adverb `late; "he stayed later than you did"
- coming at a subsequent time or stage; "without ulterior argument"; "the mood posterior to" (同)ulterior, posterior
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 横の,側面の;横からの / (音声が)側音の / 側面,(道路の)側溝(そっこう) / 側音(英語の[1]など)
- 広大な土地(地域),(土地・海・空などの)広がり《+of+名》 / (器官の)管,(神経の)索
- (おもに宗教・政治などの宣伝用の)小冊子,パンフレット
- 跡を追うこと,追跡;透写,複写 / 〈C〉 / 透写(複写)によってできたもの(地図・図案など),透写図
- 《補語にのみ用いて》(人などが)(…するのが)『もっと遅い』《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (時刻・時期が)『もっと遅い』,もっと後の / 後で,のちほど / (lateの比較級)(定刻・予定時間・他の人(物))より遅れて,遅く
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/24 12:48:44」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Lateral vestibulospinal tract |
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Vestibulospinal tract is 2c, in red at bottom center.
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Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord.
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| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
tractus vestibulospinalis lateralis |
| TA |
A14.1.02.206
A14.1.04.131 |
| FMA |
73974 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
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The lateral vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial funiculus.
The lateral part of the vestibulospinal tract is the major portion and is composed of fibers originating in the lateral, superior, and inferior vestibular nuclei (primarily the lateral). It projects ipsilaterally down to the lumbar region of the spinal cord. There it helps to maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in the legs. It also innervates muscles of the trunk, thus additionally aiding in body posture. The lateral vestibular nuclei receive input from cerebellum, particularly the vestibulocerebellum, or the flocculi and nodulus. The cerebellum aids in coordinating postural adjustments.
See also
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The spinal cord
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| General features |
- Cervical enlargement
- Lumbar enlargement
- Conus medullaris
- Filum terminale
- Cauda equina
- Meninges
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| Grey matter |
| Posterior grey column |
- Marginal nucleus
- Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
- Nucleus proprius
- Spinal lamina V
- Spinal lamina VI
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| Lateral grey column |
- Intermediolateral nucleus
- Posterior thoracic nucleus
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| Anterior grey column |
- Interneuron
- Alpha motor neuron
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| Other |
- Rexed laminae
- Central gelatinous substance
- Gray commissure
- Central canal
- Terminal ventricle
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| White matter |
| Sensory |
| Posterior |
- Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway:
- Gracile
- Cuneate
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| Lateral: |
- Spinocerebellar
- Spinothalamic
- Posterolateral
- Spinotectal
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- Spinoreticular tract
- Spino-olivary tract
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| Motor |
| Lateral |
- Corticospinal
- Extrapyramidal
- Rubrospinal
- Olivospinal
- Raphespinal
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| Anterior |
- Corticospinal
- Extrapyramidal
- Vestibulospinal
- Reticulospinal
- Tectospinal
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| Both |
- Anterior white commissure
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| External features |
- Ventral
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Dorsal
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
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Anatomy of the pons
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Dorsal/
(tegmentum) |
| Surface |
- Cerebellopontine angle
- Superior medullary velum
- Sulcus limitans
- Medial eminence
- Facial colliculus
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| White: Sensory |
- Trapezoid body
- Trigeminal lemniscus
- Dorsal trigeminal tract
- Ventral trigeminal tract
- Medial lemniscus
- Lateral lemniscus
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
- Central tegmental tract
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| White: Motor |
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
- Vestibulocerebellar tract
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Vestibulospinal tract
- Medial vestibulospinal tract
- Lateral vestibulospinal tract
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| Grey: Cranial nuclei |
| afferent: |
- GSA
- Cochlear nucleus
- Vestibular nuclei
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| efferent: |
- SVE: Trigeminal motor nucleus
- Facial motor nucleus
- GSE: Abducens nucleus
- GVE: Superior salivary nucleus
- Inferior salivary nucleus
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| Other |
- Apneustic center
- Parabrachial area
- Pneumotaxic center
- Subparabrachial nucleus
- Medial parabrachial nucleus
- Lateral parabrachial nucleus
- Superior olivary nucleus
- Caerulean nucleus
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Ventral/
(base) |
| Grey |
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| White: Motor/descending |
- Corticospinal tract
- Corticobulbar tract
- Corticopontine fibers
- MCP
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| Surface |
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Other grey: Raphe/
reticular |
- Reticular formation
- Caudal
- Oral
- Tegmental
- Paramedian
- Raphe nuclei
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Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
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Sensory/
ascending |
| PCML |
| 1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
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| 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
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| 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
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Anterolateral/
pain |
| Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
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| Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
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Motor/
descending |
| Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
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| Extrapyramidal |
| flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
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| flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
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- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
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| Basal ganglia |
| direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
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| indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
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| nigrostriatal pathway: |
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| Cerebellar |
| Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
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| Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
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Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
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| Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
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Physiology of balance and hearing
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| Hearing |
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General
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- Auditory system
- Bone conduction
- Otoacoustic emission
- Tullio phenomenon
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Pathway
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- inner ear: Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve VIII →
- pons: Cochlear nucleus (Anterior, Dorsal) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei →
- midbrain: Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi →
- thalamus: Medial geniculate nuclei →
- cerebrum: Acoustic radiation → Primary auditory cortex
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| Balance |
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General
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Pathway
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- inner ear: Vestibular nerve VIII →
- pons: Vestibular nuclei (Medial vestibular nucleus, Lateral vestibular nucleus)
- cerebellum: Flocculonodular lobe
- spinal cord: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)
- thalamus: Ventral posterolateral nucleus
- cerebrum: Vestibular cortex
- Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Nuclear derivatives and axonal projections originating from rhombomere 4 in the mouse hindbrain.
- Di Bonito M1, Studer M2, Puelles L3,4.
- Brain structure & function.Brain Struct Funct.2017 Nov;222(8):3509-3542. doi: 10.1007/s00429-017-1416-0. Epub 2017 May 3.
- PMID 28470551
- Improvements in balance control in individuals with PCS detected following vestibular training: A case study.
- Prangley A1, Aggerholm M1, Cinelli M2.
- Gait & posture.Gait Posture.2017 Oct;58:229-231. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.08.006. Epub 2017 Aug 8.
- PMID 28822327
- Transient Vestibulopathy in Wallenberg's Syndrome: Pathologic Analysis.
- Kattah JC1, Saber Tehrani AS1, Roeber S2, Gujrati M1, Bach SE1, Newman Toker DE3, Blitz AM4, Horn AKE5.
- Frontiers in neurology.Front Neurol.2017 May 17;8:191. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00191. eCollection 2017.
- PMID 28567027
Japanese Journal
- Firing Patterns of Rat Vestibulospinal Neurons during Quadrupedal Standing on a Pitching Platform
- The journal of physiological sciences : JPS 56(5), 389-392, 2006-10-01
- NAID 10019380255
- 水平半規管系前庭脊髄路ニューロンの軸索投射様式 : 耳石器系との比較も含めて
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- aspect、external、externally、flanking、laterale、lateralis、laterally、outer、outside、profile、side、sided、sidedness
[★]
- 関
- chase、follow up、follow-up、pursue、pursuit、trace
[★]
- 関
- tractus