WordNet

pass through a cycle; "This machine automatically cycles"
an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; "the never-ending cycle of the seasons" (同)rhythm, round
recur in repeating sequences
a single complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon; "a year constitutes a cycle of the seasons" (同)oscillation
a periodically repeated sequence of events; "a cycle of reprisal and retaliation"
a series of poems or songs on the same theme; "Schuberts song cycles"
cause to go through a recurring sequence; "cycle the laundry in this washing program"
street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
of or relating to or obtained from milk (especially sour milk or whey); "lactic acid"; "lactic fermentation"
the sport of traveling on a bicycle or motorcycle

PrepTutorEJDIC

『周期』,循環期;一巡り / 周波,サイクル / (英雄・伝説などを扱った)一連の詩(物語) / 『自転車』;三輪車;オートバイ / 自転車に乗る / 循環する,反復する
酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
乳の;乳から採れる
自転車に乗ること,サイクリング

UpToDate Contents

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1. 先天性代謝異常：代謝性救急疾患 inborn errors of metabolism metabolic emergencies
2. 乳酸アシドーシスの原因 causes of lactic acidosis
3. 遺伝性運動失調の概要 overview of the hereditary ataxias
4. 尿素サイクル障害：臨床的特徴および診断 urea cycle disorders clinical features and diagnosis
5. 尿素サイクル障害：管理 urea cycle disorders management

English Journal

Use of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (sarkosyl) in viable real-time PCR for enumeration of Escherichia coli.

Wang H1, Gill CO1, Yang X2.Author information 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1 W1, Canada.2Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1 W1, Canada. Electronic address: xianqin.yang@agr.gc.ca.AbstractThe cell membranes of inactivated Escherichia coli are not always permeable to propidium monoazide (PMA). This limits the use of PMA real-time PCR (PMA-qPCR) for quantification of DNA from only viable cells for enumeration of E. coli. The aim of this study was to develop PMA-qPCR procedures for E. coli with improved selectivity for viable cells. E. coli inactivated by incubation at 52°C were treated with 12 detergents before PMA treatment, and DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Treatment with each of the 12 detergents and PMA increased the cycle threshold (Ct) values for heat inactivated E. coli suspensions. The greatest increase, of 10.68 Ct was obtained with sarkosyl. Treatment with sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) increased the Ct value by 8.99 Ct. Treatment with sarkosyl or NaDC of 16 heat treated 5-strain cocktails of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) increased the mean Ct values by 8.15 or 6.82 Ct, respectively. Those mean values were significantly (p<0.05) different. When used to enumerate viable E. coli in suspensions treated with lactic acid or in mixtures of viable E. coli and E. coli inactivated by peroxyacetic acid, the slopes relating the Ct values from sarkosyl treated samples to the numbers of viable E. coli were 2.24 and 2.47, respectively, with regression coefficient values ≥0.85. The findings show that sarkosyl was more effective than NaDC for dissipation of PMA-barrier properties of membranes of inactivated E. coli cells. Viable E. coli in mixtures of viable E. coli and E. coli inactivated by heat, lactic acid or peroxyacetic acid could be reliably enumerated by sarkosyl PMA-qPCR.
Journal of microbiological methods.J Microbiol Methods.2014 Mar;98:89-93. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.01.004. Epub 2014 Jan 17.
The cell membranes of inactivated Escherichia coli are not always permeable to propidium monoazide (PMA). This limits the use of PMA real-time PCR (PMA-qPCR) for quantification of DNA from only viable cells for enumeration of E. coli. The aim of this study was to develop PMA-qPCR procedures for E. c
PMID 24445114

A Novel Axial-Stress Bioreactor System Combined with a Substance Exchanger for Tissue Engineering of 3D Constructs.

Li ST1, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Lue RF, Song L, Dong SW, Guo P, Kopjar B.Author information 11 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , P.R. China .AbstractThis study introduced a prototype of an axial-stress bioreactor system that supports long-term growth and development of engineered tissues. The main features of this bioreactor are an integrated substance exchanger and feedback control of pH and PO2. A 21-day study was conducted to validate the system's ability to maintain a stable environment, while remaining sterile. Our results showed that the pH, PO2, and nutrient (glucose) remained balanced at appropriate levels, while metabolic waste (lactic acid) was removed. No bacteria or fungi were detected in the system or tissue; thus, demonstrating that it was sterile. These data indicate the bioreactor's strong potential for long-term tissue culture. To explore this idea, the effect of dynamic culture, including cyclic compression and automatic substance exchange, on mouse bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded in decalcified bone matrix was studied using the bioreactor prototype. Histological sections of the engineered tissues showed higher cell densities in scaffolds in dynamic culture compared to those in static culture, while cell cycle analysis showed that dynamic culture promoted BMSC proliferation (proliferation index, PI=34.02±1.77) more effectively than static culture (PI=26.66±1.81). The results from a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay were consistent with the loading experimental data. Furthermore, elevated alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were observed in dynamic condition compared to static culture. In conclusion, this bioreactor system supplies a method of modulating the pH and PO2 in defined ranges with only small fluctuations; it can be used as a physiological or pathological analog. Automatic control of the environment is a practical solution for long-term, steady-state culture for future commercialization.
Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods.Tissue Eng Part C Methods.2014 Mar;20(3):205-14. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2013.0173. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
This study introduced a prototype of an axial-stress bioreactor system that supports long-term growth and development of engineered tissues. The main features of this bioreactor are an integrated substance exchanger and feedback control of pH and PO2. A 21-day study was conducted to validate the sys
PMID 23822092

A dynamic mechanistic model of lactic acid metabolism in the rumen.

Mills JA1, Crompton LA1, Ellis JL2, Dijkstra J3, Bannink A4, Hook S3, Benchaar C5, France J6.Author information 1The University of Reading, Centre for Dairy Research, Department of Agriculture, Reading, RG6 6AT, UK.2Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: jennifer.st-pierre@wur.nl.3Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands.4Wageningen UR Livestock Research, 8219 PH, Lelystad, the Netherlands.5Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.6Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.AbstractCurrent feed evaluation systems for ruminants are too imprecise to describe diets in terms of their acidosis risk. The dynamic mechanistic model described herein arises from the integration of a lactic acid (La) metabolism module into an extant model of whole-rumen function. The model was evaluated using published data from cows and sheep fed a range of diets or infused with various doses of La. The model performed well in simulating peak rumen La concentrations (coefficient of determination = 0.96; root mean square prediction error = 16.96% of observed mean), although frequency of sampling for the published data prevented a comprehensive comparison of prediction of time to peak La accumulation. The model showed a tendency for increased La accumulation following feeding of diets rich in nonstructural carbohydrates, although less-soluble starch sources such as corn tended to limit rumen La concentration. Simulated La absorption from the rumen remained low throughout the feeding cycle. The competition between bacteria and protozoa for rumen La suggests a variable contribution of protozoa to total La utilization. However, the model was unable to simulate the effects of defaunation on rumen La metabolism, indicating a need for a more detailed description of protozoal metabolism. The model could form the basis of a feed evaluation system with regard to rumen La metabolism.
Journal of dairy science.J Dairy Sci.2014 Feb 21. pii: S0022-0302(14)00134-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7582. [Epub ahead of print]
Current feed evaluation systems for ruminants are too imprecise to describe diets in terms of their acidosis risk. The dynamic mechanistic model described herein arises from the integration of a lactic acid (La) metabolism module into an extant model of whole-rumen function. The model was evaluated
PMID 24565322

Japanese Journal

フッ化物とfTCP配合歯磨剤による歯質に与える影響:—エナメル質耐酸性, 象牙細管封鎖性および元素の取り込みについて—

日本歯科保存学雑誌 59(2), 228-235, 2016
NAID 130005150660

Production of D-lactic acid in a continuous membrane integrated fermentation reactor by genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Enhancement in D-lactic acid carbon yield(MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY)

Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 119(1), 65-71, 2015-01
NAID 110009892235

Metabolomics changes in a rat model of obstructive jaundice: mapping to metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids as well as oxidative stress