鍵穴

WordNet

the hole where a key is inserted
marine limpet having a conical shell with an opening at the apex (同)Fissurella apertura, Diodora apertura
a handsaw with a long narrow blade for cutting short radius curves; similar to a compass saw

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かぎ穴

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/08 09:58:16」(JST)

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A traditional keyhole for a warded lock.

A keyhole (or keyway) a hole or aperture (as in a door or lock) for receiving a key.^[1] Lock keyway shapes vary widely with lock manufacturer, and many manufacturers have a number of unique profiles requiring a specifically milled key blank to engage the lock's tumblers.

References

^ Gove, Philip Babcock, ed. (1981). "keyhole". Webster's Third New International Dictionary of English Language. Merriam-Webster Inc. p. 1239.

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English Journal

A murine monoclonal antibody with broad specificity for occupationally relevant diisocyanates.

Lemons AR, Siegel PD, Mhike M, Law BF, Hettick JM, Bledsoe TA, Nayak AP, Beezhold DH, Green BJ.Author information a Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown , West Virginia.AbstractDiisocyanates (dNCOs) used in industrial applications are well known low molecular weight allergens. Occupational exposure is associated with adverse health outcomes including allergic sensitization and occupational asthma. In this study, we report the production and initial characterization of a dNCO-hapten specific murine IgM monoclonal antibody (mAb). Female BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 25 μg of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Following six biweekly booster immunizations, splenocytes were recovered and fused to Sp2/0-Ag14 murine myeloma cell line for hybridoma production. Hybridomas were then screened in a solid-phase indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against 40:1 4,4'-MDI- human serum albumin (HSA). mAb reactivity to dNCO-HSA conjugates and dNCO-HSA spiked human serum were characterized using a sandwich ELISA. One hybridoma produced a multimeric IgM mAb (15D4) that reacted with 4,4'-MDI-HSA. Sandwich ELISA analysis demonstrated comparable reactivity with other occupationally relevant dNCO-HSA adducts, including 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-HSA, 2,6-TDI-HSA, and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-HSA, but not other electrophilic chemical HSA conjugates. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of 4,4'-MDI-HSA, 2,4-TDI-HSA, 2,6-TDI-HSA, and 1,6-HDI-HSA sandwich ELISAs were 567.2, 172.7, 184.2, and 403.5 ng/mL (8.67, 2.60, 2.77, and 6.07 pmol/mL), respectively. In contrast, experiments using dNCO-supplemented human sera showed an increase in the detectable limit of the assay. A mAb has been produced that has potential utility for detecting mixed diisocyanate exposures in occupational environments. The mAb may have additional utility in the standardization of specific IgE detection immunoassays as well as chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods to enrich dNCO adducted HSA in the plasma of occupationally exposed workers.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene.J Occup Environ Hyg.2014 Feb;11(2):101-10. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2013.843783.
Diisocyanates (dNCOs) used in industrial applications are well known low molecular weight allergens. Occupational exposure is associated with adverse health outcomes including allergic sensitization and occupational asthma. In this study, we report the production and initial characterization of a dN
PMID 24369932

Selectivity of binding of PEGs and PEG-like oligomers to anti-PEG antibodies induced by methoxyPEG-proteins.

Saifer MG, Williams LD, Sobczyk MA, Michaels SJ, Sherman MR.Author information Mountain View Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 3475 Edison Way, Suite S, Menlo Park, CA 94025-1821, United States.AbstractThe use of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) in PEG conjugates of proteins and non-protein therapeutic agents has led to the recognition that the polymer components of such conjugates can induce anti-PEG antibodies (anti-PEGs) that may accelerate the clearance and reduce the efficacy of the conjugates. Others have classified anti-PEGs as "methoxy-specific" or "backbone-specific". The results of our previous research on anti-PEGs in the sera of rabbits immunized with mPEG or hydroxyPEG (HO-PEG) conjugates of three unrelated proteins were consistent with that classification (Sherman, M.R., et al., 2012. Bioconjug. Chem. 23, 485-499). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed on rabbit antisera and rabbit monoclonal anti-PEGs with competitors including 10kDa mPEG, 10kDa PEG diol and six linear or cyclic oligomers of oxyethylene (CH2CH2O), with molecular weights of ca. 150-264Da. Our results demonstrate that (1) the binding affinities of anti-mPEGs depend more on the backbone lengths of the polymers and the hydrophobicities of their end-groups than on their resemblance to the methoxy terminus of the immunogenic polymer; (2) anti-PEGs raised against HO-PEG-proteins are not directed against the terminal hydroxy group, but against the backbone; (3) rabbit anti-PEGs bind to and distinguish among PEG-like oligomers with as few as three oxyethylene groups; and (4) none of the monoclonal or polyclonal anti-PEGs was absolutely "methoxy-specific" or "backbone-specific", but displayed distinct relative selectivities. If these results are relevant to human immune responses, the clinical use of stable conjugates of HO-PEG with proteins and non-protein therapeutic agents would be expected to produce fewer and less intense immune responses than those induced by conjugates with mPEG or PEGs with larger alkoxy groups.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2014 Feb;57(2):236-46. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.07.014. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
The use of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) in PEG conjugates of proteins and non-protein therapeutic agents has led to the recognition that the polymer components of such conjugates can induce anti-PEG antibodies (anti-PEGs) that may accelerate the clearance and reduce the efficacy of the conjug
PMID 24200843

Down-regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis by plasma transglutaminase factor XIII that catalyzes fetal-specific cross-link of the Fas molecule.

Kikuchi H1, Kuribayashi F2, Imajoh-Ohmi S3.Author information 1Laboratory Center for Proteomics Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.2Laboratory Center for Proteomics Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.3Laboratory Center for Proteomics Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Electronic address: ohmi@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.AbstractThe Fas antigen, also designated as APO-1 or CD95, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and can mediate apoptotic cell death in various cells. We report here that blood coagulation factor XIII (plasma transglutaminase, fibrin stabilizing factor) inhibits apoptosis induced by a cytotoxic anti-Fas monoclonal antibody in Jurkat cells. When cells were treated with the antibody in fetal calf serum-containing media, higher-molecular-weight (180K) polypeptides containing Fas molecule were detected by immunoblotting. Under conditions where the transglutaminase activity was eliminated or suppressed, the cross-link of Fas was not observed, and concurrently cell death was hastened. Moreover, an antibody against factor XIII strongly accelerated the Fas-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, addition of partially purified factor XIII neutralized the apoptosis-promoting effect of anti-factor XIII antibody, indicating that this enzyme is involved in cross-link of Fas and down-regulates Fas-mediated apoptotic cell death. Significantly, the cross-link of Fas was seen only in fetal calf serum but not in newly-born calf serum, 1-year-old calf serum or adult bovine serum. These data suggest that plasma transglutaminase factor XIII may play a key role in fetal development of vertebrates via cross-link of Fas antigen.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2014 Jan 3;443(1):13-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.163. Epub 2013 Nov 8.
The Fas antigen, also designated as APO-1 or CD95, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and can mediate apoptotic cell death in various cells. We report here that blood coagulation factor XIII (plasma transglutaminase, fibrin stabilizing factor) inhibits apoptosis induced by
PMID 24216108