ケト酸
- 関
- ketoacid
WordNet
- street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
- any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
- having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/10/09 04:37:06」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Not to be confused with oxoacid.
Pyruvic acid (top), acetoacetic acid and levulinic acid (bottom)
Keto acids or ketoacids (also called oxo acids or oxoacids) are organic compounds that contain a carboxylic acid group and a ketone group.[1] In several cases, the keto group is hydrated. The alpha-keto acids are especially important in biology as they are involved in the Krebs citric acid cycle and in glycolysis.[2]
Common types of keto acids include:
- Alpha-keto acids, Alpha-ketoacids, or 2-oxoacids, such as pyruvic acid, have the keto group adjacent to the carboxylic acid. One important alpha-keto acid is oxaloacetic acid, a component of the Krebs cycle.[3] Another is alpha-ketoglutarate, is a 5-carbon ketoacid derived from glutamic acid. Alpha-ketoglutarate participates in cell signaling by functioning as a coenzyme,[4] and is commonly used in transamination reactions.
- Beta-keto acids, Beta-ketoacids, or 3-oxoacids, such as acetoacetic acid, have the ketone group at the second carbon from the carboxylic acid. They can be formed by the Claisen condensation.
- Gamma-keto acids, Gamma-ketoacids, or 4-oxoacids, such as levulinic acid, have the ketone group at the third carbon from the carboxylic acid.
Keto acids appear in a wide variety of anabolic pathways in metabolism, across living organisms. For instance, in plants (specifically, in hemlock, pitcher plants, and fool's parsley), 5-oxo-octanoic acid is converted in enzymatic and non-enzymatic steps into the cyclic class of coniine alkaloids.[citation needed]
When ingested sugars and carbohydrate levels are low, stored fats and proteins are the primary source of energy production. Glucogenic amino acids from proteins are converted to glucose. Ketogenic amino acids can be deaminated to produce alpha keto acids and ketone bodies.
Alpha keto acids are used primarily as energy for liver cells and in fatty acid synthesis, also in the liver.
See also
- Ulosonic acids
- Pseudoacid
References
- ^ Franz Dietrich Klingler, Wolfgang Ebertz "Oxocarboxylic Acids" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a18_313
- ^ Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. "Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry" 3rd Ed. Worth Publishing: New York, 2000. ISBN 1-57259-153-6.
- ^ "α-Oxocarboxylic Acids" Robert C. Kerber, Marian S. Fernando J. Chem. Educ., 2010, doi:10.1021/ed1003096
- ^ The role of iron and 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases in signalling, Biochem Soc Trans. 2003 Jun;31(Pt 3):510-5
External links
- Keto+Acids at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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- GND: 4044245-7
- LCCN: sh85072096
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UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 副腎ステロイドの代謝metabolism of adrenal steroids [show details]
… gene is a member of the aldo-keto reductase family, a group of related NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases . The enzyme substrate specificities suggest a primary role in bile acid synthesis rather than cortisol …
- 2. 結核の免疫学immunology of tuberculosis [show details]
… alpha-, keto-, and methoxy-mycolates . Alpha-mycolic acid has two cyclopropane rings, which are in the cis configuration, while the keto- and methoxymycolates have one ring in either cis or trans configuration …
- 3. 人工透析を受けていない慢性腎臓病患者に推奨する食事療法dietary recommendations for patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease [show details]
…assigned to a low-protein diet (0.58 g/kg/day) or a very-low-protein diet (0.3 g/kg/day) with a keto acid-amino acid supplement. Other limitations to the trial are that it included very few diabetic patients …
- 4. 心筋炎の病因および発症機序etiology and pathogenesis of myocarditis [show details]
…myosin heavy chain, the beta-1 adrenoreceptor, adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD), a variety of sarcolemmal and myolemmal proteins, connective tissue, and extracellular …
- 5. 尿酸腎結石症uric acid nephrolithiasis [show details]
… discussed separately. The two major factors that promote uric acid precipitation are a high urine uric acid concentration and an acid urine pH, which drives the following reaction toward the right, converting …
English Journal
- Oxidation of amylose and amylopectin by hydroxyl radicals assessed by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry.
- Simões J1, Moreira AS2, da Costa E2, Evtyugin D3, Domingues P2, Nunes FM4, Coimbra MA2, Domingues MR2.
- Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Sep 5;148:290-9. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.034. Epub 2016 Mar 18.
- The hydroxyl radicals (HO) are one of the most reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the oxidative damage of biological molecules, including carbohydrates. During the industrial processing of food, ROS can be formed. In order to identify the structural changes induced in starch by oxidation, amy
- PMID 27185142
- Identification of Lactobacillus brevis using a species-specific AFLP-derived marker.
- Fusco V1, Quero GM2, Chieffi D2, Franz CM3.
- International journal of food microbiology.Int J Food Microbiol.2016 Sep 2;232:90-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 4.
- A simple and specific method for the rapid detection and identification of Lactobacillus brevis was developed. A fAFLP (Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) marker for L. brevis was used to design oligonucleotide primers for a species-specific PCR assay, targeting a 125bp fragment of
- PMID 27289191
- Broad substrate specificity of phosphotransbutyrylase from Listeria monocytogenes: A potential participant in an alternative pathway for provision of acyl CoA precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis.
- Sirobhushanam S1, Galva C1, Sen S1, Wilkinson BJ1, Gatto C2.
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2016 Sep;1861(9 Pt A):1102-10. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 15.
- Listeria monocytogenes, the causative organism of the serious food-borne disease listeriosis, has a membrane abundant in branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). BCFAs are normally biosynthesized from branched-chain amino acids via the activity of branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (Bkd), and disr
- PMID 27320015
Japanese Journal
- Catalytic asymmetric aza-Michael addition of fumaric monoacids with multifunctional thiourea/boronic acids
- Michigami Kenichi,Murakami Hiroki,Nakamura Takeru,Hayama Noboru,Takemoto Yoshiji
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry 17(9), 2331-2335, 2019-03-07
- … The first chemical enantioselective synthesis of N-hydroxyaspartic acid derivatives using chiral multifunctional thiourea/boronic acid organocatalysts was developed. … The addition of another carboxylic acid raised the enantiomeric enrichment up to 97% ee. … O-Deprotection of the aza-Michael adduct provided an aspartate-derived hydroxylamine fragment applicable for KAHA (α-keto acid-hydroxylamine) ligation. …
- NAID 120006653018
- Cationized liposomal keto-mycolic acids isolated from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin induce antitumor immunity in a syngeneic murine bladder cancer model
- 木村 友和,Takayuki Yoshino,Jun Miyazaki,Takahiro Kojima,Shuya KANDORI,Masanobu Shiga,Takashi Kawahara,Tomokazu Kimura,Takashi Naka,Hideyasu Kiyohara,Miyuki Watanabe,Sho Yamasaki,Hideyuki Akaza,Ikuya Yano,Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- PLOS ONE 14(1), e0209196, 2019-02
- … Mycolic acid (MA), the most abundant lipid of the BCG cell wall, is suspected to be one of the essential active components of this immunogenicity. … Here, we developed cationic liposomes incorporating three subclasses (α, keto, and methoxy) of MA purified separately from BCG, using the dendron-bearing lipid D22. …
- NAID 120006582988
- Silkworms suppress the release of green leaf volatiles by mulberry leaves with an enzyme from their spinnerets
- Takai Hiroki,Ozawa Rika,Takabayashi Junji,Fujii Saki,Arai Kiriko,Ichiki Ryoko T.,Koeduka Takao,Dohra Hideo,Ohnishi Toshiyuki,Taketazu Sakura,Kobayashi Jun,Kainoh Yooichi,Nakamura Satoshi,Fujii Takeshi,Ishikawa Yukio,Kiuchi Takashi,Katsuma Susumu,Uefune Masayoshi,Shimada Toru,Matsui Kenji
- Scientific Reports (8), 2018-08-09
- カイコの生き残り戦略を解明 --植物の香り生成を操作する新規酵素発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2018-09-03.
- NAID 120006510284
Related Links
- carboxylic acid [kahr-bok-sil´ik] an organic compound containing the carboxy group (-COOH), which is weakly ionized in solution forming a carboxylate ion (-COO −). ke·to ac·id (kē'tō as'id), An acid containing a ketone ...
- carboxylic acid [kahr-bok-sil´ik] an organic compound containing the carboxy group (-COOH), which is weakly ionized in solution forming a carboxylate ion (-COO −). ke·to ac·id (kē'tō as'id), An acid containing a ketone group (-CO-) in ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- ketoacid, keto acid
- 同
- ケトン酸、オキソ酸 oxoacid oxo acid
- 関
- アミノ基転移
[show details]
ケトンのカルボニル基COとカルボキシル基のCOOHを含む有機化合物
- アミノ基転移反応の際に、αケト酸はカルボニル基の炭素原子でアミノ酸からのアミノ基-NH3を受け取る
ケト酸（ケトさん、Keto acid）は、ケトン基とカルボキシル基を含む有機酸である。
ケト酸のタイプには次のようなものがある。
- α-ケト酸（2-オキソ酸）：ピルビン酸のようにケトン基がα炭素にあるもの。
- ピルビン酸 CH3COCOOH
- β-ケト酸（3-オキソ酸）：アセト酢酸のようにケトン基がβ炭素にあるもの。
- アセト酢酸 CH3COCH2COOH
- γ-ケト酸（4-オキソ酸）：レブリン酸のようにケトン基がγ炭素にあるもの。
- レブリン酸 CH3COCH2CH2COOH
Pyruvic acid wiki structure.jpg
Acetoacetic acid wiki structure.jpg
Levulinic acid wiki structure.jpg
[★]
- 関
- keto acid
[★]
α-ケト酸デヒドロゲナーゼ