WordNet

street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"

PrepTutorEJDIC

酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/28 22:52:20」(JST)

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Kainic acid is a natural marine acid present in some seaweed. It is a specific agonist for the kainate receptor used as an ionotropic glutamate receptor which mimics the effect of glutamate. Along with quisqualate, it is used in experiments to distinguish a receptor from the other ionotropic receptors for glutamate such as NMDA and AMPA.

Occurrence

In 1953, kainic acid was originally isolated from the seaweed^[2] called "Kainin-sou"(海人草) or "Makuri" (Digenea simplex) in Japan. "Kainin-sou" is used as an anthelmintic in Japan.

Kainic acid is a potent central nervous system stimulant, and has been developed as the prototype neuroexcitatory amino acid for the induction of seizures in experimental animals, at a typical dose of 10-30 mg/kg in mice. Kainic acid is neuroexcitotoxic and epileptogenic, acting through specific kainate receptors. Because of the supply shortage in 2000, the price of kainic acid has risen significantly.

Applications

antiworming agent
neuroscience research
- neurodegenerative agent
- modeling of epilepsy
- modeling of Alzheimer's disease

References

^ PubChem 10255
^ Moloney, Mark G. (1998). "Excitatory amino acids". Natural Product Reports 15 (2): 205–219. doi:10.1039/a815205y. PMID 9586226.

External links

Kainate Receptors

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Ketone bodies attenuate excitotoxic cell injury in the rat hippocampal slice under conditions of reduced glucose availability.

Youssef FF.
Neurological research.Neurol Res.2015 Mar;37(3):211-6. doi: 10.1179/1743132814Y.0000000430. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
Calorie restriction and the ketogenic diet have been successfully used in models of neuroprotection. However, there are limitations in clinical application of these diets and attention has turned to understanding their mechanism of action. Ketone bodies are produced in both diets and maybe involved
PMID 25082548

Increased levels and activity of cathepsins B and D in kainate-induced toxicity.

Banerjee M1, Sasse VA2, Wang Y2, Maulik M3, Kar S4.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2015 Jan 22;284:360-73. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.003. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
Administration of kainic acid induces acute seizures that result in the loss of neurons, gliosis and reorganization of mossy fiber pathways in the hippocampus resembling those observed in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Although these structural changes have been well characterized, the mechanisms und
PMID 25307300

Cholesterol metabolite cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol suppresses epileptic seizures by negative modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels.

Tang L1, Wang Y1, Leng T1, Sun H1, Zhou Y2, Zhu W1, Qiu P1, Zhang J3, Lu B1, Yan M1, Chen W1, Su X1, Yin W4, Huang Y1, Hu H5, Yan G6.
Steroids.Steroids.2015 Jan 8. pii: S0039-128X(15)00005-7. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.025. [Epub ahead of print]
Imbalance of excitation and inhibition in neurons is implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Voltage-gated sodium channels, which play a vital role in regulating neuronal excitability, are one of the major targets for developing anti-epileptic drugs. Here we provide evidence that cholestane-3β,
PMID 25578735

Japanese Journal

Acupuncture suppresses kainic acid-induced neuronal death and inflammatory events in mouse hippocampus

Kim Seung-Tae,Doo Ah-Reum,Kim Seung-Nam [他]
The journal of physiological sciences 62(5), 377-383, 2012-09
NAID 40019399908

Protection of Apigenin against Kainate-Induced Excitotoxicity by Anti-oxidative Effects

Han Jin-Yi,Ahn Sun-Young,Kim Chung-Soo [他]
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 35(9), 1440-1446, 2012-09
NAID 40019391458

「カイニン酸」

Kainic acid
	IUPAC name (2S,3S,4S)-3-(Carboxymethyl)-4-prop-1-en-2-ylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
	Other names (3S,4S)-3-(Carboxymethyl)-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-L-proline; 2-Carboxy-3-carboxymethyl-4-isopropenyl-pyrrolidine[citation needed]
Identifiers
CAS number	487-79-6
PubChem	10255
ChemSpider	9837
UNII	SIV03811UC
KEGG	C12819
MeSH	Kainic+acid
ChEBI	CHEBI:31746
ChEMBL	CHEMBL27527
Beilstein Reference	86660
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES CC(=C)[C@H]1CN[C@@H]([C@H]1CC(=O)O)C(=O)O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H15NO4/c1-5(2)7-4-11-9(10(14)15)6(7)3-8(12)13/h6-7,9,11H,1,3-4H2,2H3,(H,12,13)(H,14,15) ; Key: VLSMHEGGTFMBBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C10H15NO4
Molar mass	213.23 g mol−1
Melting point	215 °C, 488 K, 419 °F (decomposes)
log P	0.635
Acidity (pKa)	2.031
Basicity (pKb)	11.966
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references