WordNet
- food that tastes good but is high in calories having little nutritional value
- any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue (同)nutrient
- anything that provides mental stimulus for thinking (同)food for thought, intellectual nourishment
- any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment; "food and drink" (同)solid food
- any of various Chinese boats with a high poop and lugsails
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『食物』,栄養物 / 〈U〉(飲み物に対して)食べ物 / 〈C〉(特定の種類の)固形食品 / 〈U〉(動植物に)栄養を余えるもの / 〈U〉《比喩(ひゆ)的に》(心・精神の活動を刺激・奨励する)糧(かて);(思考・反省などの)資料
- 廃品,くず(古材・古鉄・古紙・ぼろなど) / 《話》(一般に)値打ちのないもの;がらくた(rubbish) / 《俗》ヘロイン / (廃品として)…‘を'捨てる
- ジャンク(中国の平底帆船)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/03/13 14:06:00」(JST)
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A poster at Camp Pendleton’s 21-Area Health Promotion Center describes the effects of junk food that many Marines and sailors consume.
Junk food is a derisive slang term for food that is of little nutritional value and often high in fat, sugar, salt, and calories.[1][2][3] It is widely believed that the term was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972.[4]
Junk foods typically contain high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little protein, vitamins or minerals. Foods commonly considered junk foods include salted snack foods, gum, candy, sweet desserts, fried fast food, and sugary carbonated beverages. [5] Many foods such as hamburgers, pizza, and tacos can be considered either healthy or junk food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods.[citation needed] The more highly processed items usually fall under the junk food category. [6] What is and is not junk food can also depend on the person's class and social status, with wealthier people tending to have a broader definition while lower-income consumers may see fewer foods as junk food, especially certain ethnic foods.
Despite being labeled as "junk," consuming such foods usually does not pose any immediate health concerns and is generally safe when integrated into a well balanced diet.[7][8]
Contents
- 1 Health effects
- 2 Taxation
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Health effects[edit]
A study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny at the Scripps Research Institute in 2008 suggested that junk food consumption alters brain activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine and heroin.[9] After many weeks with unlimited access to junk food, the pleasure centers of rat brains became desensitized, requiring more food for pleasure. After the junk food was taken away and replaced with a healthy diet, the rats starved for two weeks instead of eating nutritious fare.[10] A 2007 British Journal of Nutrition study found that female rats who eat junk food during pregnancy increased the likelihood of unhealthy eating habits in their offspring.[11]
Taxation[edit]
See also: Soda tax
In an attempt to reduce saturated fat consumption, from December 2011 to November 2012 Denmark introduced the first fat-food tax in the world by imposing a surcharge on all foods (including natural ingredients) that contain more than 2.3 percent saturated fat.[12] Hungary has also imposed a tax on packaged foods that contain unhealthy concentrations, such as beverages containing more than 20 mg of caffeine per 100 ml.[13]
Norway taxes refined sugar, and Mexico has various excises on healthy food.
See also[edit]
- Comfort food
- Glutamic acid (flavor), common flavoring compounds and their synthetic versions, which may be added to some processed foods, to boost their savoriness
- Health food, foods that tend to be nutrient rich, and may be eaten for their potential benefits to health
- List of food additives
References[edit]
- ^ http://www.wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn[dead link]
- ^ Glossary
- ^ junk food - Google Search
- ^ O'Neill, Brendon (November 30, 2006). "Is this what you call junk food?". BBC News. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
- ^ Larsen, Joeanne; MS, RD, LD http://www.dietitian.com/junkfood.html
- ^ Linda Larrowe Bergersen: What Makes a Food Junk?
- ^ What Is Junk Food? (with pictures)
- ^ Junk-Food Facts
- ^ Johnson, Paul M.; Kenny, Paul J. (2010). "Addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats: Role for dopamine D2 receptors". Nature Neuroscience 13 (5): 635–41. doi:10.1038/nn.2519. PMC 2947358. PMID 20348917.
- ^ Goodwin, Jenifer. Junk Food 'Addiction' May Be Real. Business Week. March 29, 2010.[dead link]
- ^ Craving for junk food 'inherited' Mothers who eat junk food during pregnancy may be condemning their children to crave the same diet, according to animal tests. BBC News. 14 August 2007.
- ^ Clemens Bomsdorf. "Denmark Scraps Much-Maligned 'Fat Tax' After a Year". Retrieved 2012-11-14.
- ^ "Welcoming the age of disease prevention". December 17, 2011.
External links[edit]
- International Junk and Snack Food Review
- Junk Food, Marketing, and Behavior
- The 10 Worst Foods of 2010
- Junk food facts and its effects
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- A qualitative study of overweight and obese Australians' views of food addiction.
- Cullen AJ1, Barnett A2, Komesaroff PA3, Brown W4, O'Brien KS5, Hall W6, Carter A7.
- Appetite.Appetite.2017 Aug 1;115:62-70. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.013. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
- PMID 28192219
- Junk Food Ads Reach Children Despite Food Industry Self-regulation.
- Abbasi J.
- JAMA.JAMA.2017 Jun 20;317(23):2359-2361. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.4653.
- PMID 28632864
- Program considerations for integration of nutrition and family planning: Beliefs around maternal diet and breastfeeding within the context of the nutrition transition in Egypt.
- Kavle JA1,2,3, Mehanna S4, Khan G3, Hassan M4, Saleh G5,6, Engmann C7,8,9.
- Maternal & child nutrition.Matern Child Nutr.2017 Jun 8. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12469. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 28597475
Japanese Journal
- Dogs avoid people who behave negatively to their owner: third-party affective evaluation
- Chijiiwa Hitomi,Kuroshima Hika,Hori Yusuke,Anderson James R.,Fujita Kazuo
- Animal Behaviour 106, 123-127, 2015-06-18
- … In two experimental conditions, the dog's owner tried to open a container to get a junk object that was inside, then requested help from an actor sitting next to her/him, while the dog watched the interaction. … After the interaction the actor and the neutral person each offered a piece of food to the dog. … Dogs chose food randomly in the Helper and the Control conditions, but were biased against the actor in the Nonhelper condition. …
- NAID 120005617583
- 福田 也寸子
- 武庫川女子大学紀要. 人文・社会科学編 60, 107-114, 2013
- … In Japan, during to the explosive growth of economic condition after the war, traditional regional humanrelationship in the community has been considered to lose its place.As rapid Westernization proceeds, flooding of new culture and lifestyle including sufficient supply of junkfood forced Japanese traditional food culture and subsided style of human relationship to be apparently outdatedand useless. …
- NAID 110009575272
- 山田 哲雄
- 日本食生活学会誌 22(3), 196-202, 2011
- … On the other hand, physical activities and food situation affect nutritional status and physiological function.<BR> In Japan, exercise induced anemia (sports anemia) was observed in the late 1950′s., and this symptom was improved by increasing dietary total protein and⁄or animal protein intake levels. … After the Great East Japan Earthquake, disuse syndrome under worsened food situation happened as well as after previous earthquakes. …
- NAID 130004493854
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