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Involucrin repeat

Identifiers

Symbol

Involucrin

Pfam

PF00904

InterPro

IPR000354

SCOP

1eu0

SUPERFAMILY

1eu0

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Involucrin repeat

Identifiers

Symbol

Involucrin2

Pfam

PF06994

InterPro

IPR009733

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Involucrin is a protein component of human skin and in humans is encoded by the IVL gene.^[1]^[2] In binding the protein loricrin, involucrin contributes to the formation of a cell envelope that protects corneocytes in the skin.

Gene

This gene is mapped to 1q21, among calpactin I light chain, trichohyalin, profillaggrin, loricrin, and calcyclin.^[2]

Function

Involucrin is a highly reactive, soluble, transglutaminase substrate protein present in keratinocytes of epidermis and other stratified squamous epithelia.^[3]^[4] It first appears in the cell cytosol, but ultimately becomes cross-linked to membrane proteins by transglutaminase thus helping in the formation of an insoluble envelope beneath the plasma membrane functioning as a glutamyl donor during assembly of the cornified envelope.^[5]

Involucrin is synthesised in the stratum spinosum and cross linked in the stratum granulosum by the transglutaminase enzyme that makes it highly stable. Thus it provides structural support to the cell, thereby allowing the cell to resist invasion by micro-organisms.

Apigenin, a plant-derived flavanoid that has significant promise as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent, has been found to regulate normal human keratinocyte differentiation by suppressing involucrin, and this is associated with reduced cell proliferation without apoptosis.^[6]

Structure

Involucrin consists of a conserved N-terminal region of about 75 amino acid residues followed by two extremely variable length segments that contain glutamine-rich tandem repeats. The glutamine residues in the tandem repeats are the substrate for the tranglutaminase in the cross-linking reaction. The total size of the protein varies from 285 residues (in dog) to 835 residues (in orangutan).

References

^ Eckert RL, Green H (Sep 1986). "Structure and evolution of the human involucrin gene". Cell 46 (4): 583–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90884-6. PMID 2873896.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: IVL involucrin".
^ Green H, Djian P (November 1992). "Consecutive actions of different gene-altering mechanisms in the evolution of involucrin". Mol. Biol. Evol. 9 (6): 977–1017. PMID 1359382.
^ Djian P, Phillips M, Easley K, Huang E, Simon M, Rice RH, Green H (November 1993). "The involucrin genes of the mouse and the rat: study of their shared repeats". Mol. Biol. Evol. 10 (6): 1136–49. PMID 8277848.
^ Eckert RL, Yaffe MB, Crish JF, Murthy S, Rorke EA, Welter JF (May 1993). "Involucrin--structure and role in envelope assembly". J. Invest. Dermatol. 100 (5): 613–7. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12472288. PMID 8098344.
^ Balasubramanian S, Zhu L, Eckert RL (November 2006). "Apigenin inhibition of involucrin gene expression is associated with a specific reduction in phosphorylation of protein kinase Cdelta Tyr311". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (47): 36162–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.M605368200. PMID 16982614.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 疣贅状表皮発育異常症 epidermodysplasia verruciformis
2. 遺伝性の魚鱗癬の概要 overview of the inherited ichthyoses
3. 小児における接触皮膚炎 contact dermatitis in children
4. アトピー性皮膚炎（湿疹）の病因、臨床症状、および診断 pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis of atopic dermatitis eczema

English Journal

A synthetic C16 omega-hydroxyphytoceramide improves skin barrier functions from diversely perturbed epidermal conditions.

Oh MJ1, Nam JJ1, Lee EO2, Kim JW2, Park CS3.
Archives of dermatological research.Arch Dermatol Res.2016 Oct;308(8):563-74. doi: 10.1007/s00403-016-1674-3. Epub 2016 Jul 11.
Omega-hydroxyceramides (ω-OH-Cer) play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of skin barrier. ω-OH-Cer are the primary lipid constituents of the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE) covalently attached to the outer surface of the cornified envelope linked to involucrin to become bound form lipids
PMID 27402316

Characterization of A Three-Dimensional Organotypic Co-Culture Skin Model for Epidermal Differentiation of Rat Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

Ghanavati Z1, Orazizadeh M1, Bayati V1, Abbaspour MR2, Khorsandi L1, Mansouri E1, Neisi N3.
Cell journal.Cell J.2016 Fall;18(3):289-301. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
OBJECTIVE: The organotypic co-culture is a well-known technique to examine cellular interactions and their roles in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. This study aims to evaluate the effects of dermal fibroblasts (DFs) on epidermal differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using
PMID 27602310

Skin Barrier Recovery by Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Antagonist Lobaric Acid.

Joo YA1, Chung H1, Yoon S1, Park JI1, Lee JE1, Myung CH1, Hwang JS1.
Biomolecules & therapeutics.Biomol Ther (Seoul).2016 Sep 1;24(5):529-35. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.011.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) results from gene and environment interactions that lead to a range of immunological abnormalities and breakdown of the skin barrier. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) belongs to a family of G-protein coupled receptors and is expressed in suprabasal layers of the epidermis.
PMID 27169822

Japanese Journal

大腸腺腫扁平上皮化生の免疫組織学的研究

羽生有里,味岡洋一,五十嵐良典
東邦医学会雑誌 59(2), 60-67, 2012-03
NAID 40019205660

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha–Nuclear Factor-Kappa B-Signaling Enhances St2b2 Expression during 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Epidermal Hyperplasia

Matsuda Toshihiro,Shimada Miki,Sato Akira,Akase Takanori,Yoshinari Kouichi,Nagata Kiyoshi,Yamazoe Yasushi
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34(2), 183-190, 2011
… St2b2-shRNA clearly suppressed TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia and the expression of a marker of epidermal differentiation, involucrin (INV). …
NAID 130000402187

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リンク元

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Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Involucrin of squamous epithelia N-terminus
Identifiers
Symbol	Involucrin_N
Pfam	PF10583
InterPro	IPR019571
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Involucrin
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1EU0
Identifiers
Symbol	IVL
External IDs	OMIM: 147360 MGI: 96626 HomoloGene: 86915 GeneCards: IVL Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• structural molecule activity; • protein binding, bridging;
Cellular component	• cornified envelope; • cytoplasm;
Biological process	• response to UV-B; • peptide cross-linking; • isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine; • keratinocyte differentiation; • keratinization;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	This box: view; talk; edit;

　　[★]

英: involucrin
関: 周辺帯

[pmid2873896-1] Eckert RL, Green H (Sep 1986). "Structure and evolution of the human involucrin gene". Cell 46 (4): 583–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90884-6. PMID 2873896.

[entrez-2] "Entrez Gene: IVL involucrin".

[pmid1359382-3] Green H, Djian P (November 1992). "Consecutive actions of different gene-altering mechanisms in the evolution of involucrin". Mol. Biol. Evol. 9 (6): 977–1017. PMID 1359382.

[pmid8277848-4] Djian P, Phillips M, Easley K, Huang E, Simon M, Rice RH, Green H (November 1993). "The involucrin genes of the mouse and the rat: study of their shared repeats". Mol. Biol. Evol. 10 (6): 1136–49. PMID 8277848.

[pmid8098344-5] Eckert RL, Yaffe MB, Crish JF, Murthy S, Rorke EA, Welter JF (May 1993). "Involucrin--structure and role in envelope assembly". J. Invest. Dermatol. 100 (5): 613–7. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12472288. PMID 8098344.

[pmid16982614-6] Balasubramanian S, Zhu L, Eckert RL (November 2006). "Apigenin inhibition of involucrin gene expression is associated with a specific reduction in phosphorylation of protein kinase Cdelta Tyr311". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (47): 36162–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.M605368200. PMID 16982614.

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案内

involucrin