WordNet
- give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; "cause a commotion"; "make a stir"; "cause an accident" (同)do, make
- a justification for something existing or happening; "he had no cause to complain"; "they had good reason to rejoice" (同)reason, grounds
- events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something; "they are trying to determine the cause of the crash"
- work as an intern; "The young doctor is interning at the Medical Center this year"
- an advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience (`houseman is a British term) (同)interne, houseman, medical intern
- deprive of freedom; "During WW II, Japanese were interned in camps in the West"
- happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface; "internal organs"; "internal mechanism of a toy"; "internal party maneuvering"
- occurring within an institution or community; "intragroup squabbling within the corporation" (同)intragroup
- the act of causing something to happen (同)causation
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『原因』,起因;〈C〉原因となる人(物事) / 〈U〉『正当な理由』,根拠,動機 / 《the~》(…という)(身を捧げるべき)主義,主張,目的《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉訴訟[の理由];申し立て / …'を'『原因となる』,'を'引き起こす,もたらす(bring about)
- (特に戦時中)〈人・船など〉‘を'強制収容する,抑留する
- 『内側の』,内部にある / 『国内の』(domestic) / 内からとる,内用の
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 鼻症状の原因：概要 etiologies of nasal symptoms an overview
- 2. 痔核の治療 treatment of hemorrhoids
- 3. 内旋歩行の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with in toeing
- 4. 冠動脈疾患のマネージメントにおける血行再建術専用デバイス specialized revascularization devices in the management of coronary heart disease
- 5. Anal fissure: Surgical management
English Journal
- A murine model of airway fibrosis induced by repeated naphthalene exposure.
- Aoshiba K1, Tsuji T2, Itoh M2, Semba S2, Yamaguchi K3, Nakamura H2, Watanabe H2.Author information 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Japan. Electronic address: kaoshiba@tokyo-med.ac.jp.2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Japan.3Comprehensive and Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Japan.AbstractThe airway epithelium serves as a biological barrier essential for host defense against inhaled pollutants. While chronic epithelial injury, commonly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, often results in airway fibrosis, limited animal models of airway fibrosis have been established. Club cells (Clara cells) in the small airways represent an important population of epithelial progenitor cells and also the principal site of localization of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system, which metabolically activates xenobiotic chemicals such as naphthalene by converting them to toxic epoxide intermediates. We hypothesized that repeated exposure to naphthalene may cause prolonged loss of club cells, triggering aberrant local epithelial repair mechanisms that lead to peribronchial fibrosis. We administered intraperitoneal injections of naphthalene to C57/BL6J mice once a week for 14 consecutive weeks. Repeated club cell injury caused by naphthalene triggered regional hyperproliferation of epithelial progenitor cells, while other regions remained denuded or squamated, resulting in fibroblast proliferation and peribronchial collagen deposition associated with upregulation of the fibrogenic cytokines transforming growth factor-β and connective tissue growth factor. The total collagen content of the lung assessed by measurement of the hydroxyproline content was also increased after repeated exposure to naphthalene. These results lend support to the relevance of repeated injury of airway epithelial cells as a trigger for resting fibroblast proliferation and airway fibrosis. This model of airway fibrosis is simple and easy to reproduce, and may be expected to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis and potential treatment of airway fibrotic disorders.
- Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft für Toxikologische Pathologie.Exp Toxicol Pathol.2014 Jul;66(4):169-77. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.01.001. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
- The airway epithelium serves as a biological barrier essential for host defense against inhaled pollutants. While chronic epithelial injury, commonly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, often results in airway fibrosis, limited animal models o
- PMID 24480153
- Acceleration of re-endothelialization and inhibition of neointimal formation using hybrid biodegradable nanofibrous rosuvastatin-loaded stents.
- Lee CH1, Chang SH2, Lin YH3, Liu SJ4, Wang CJ5, Hsu MY5, Hung KC2, Yeh YH2, Chen WJ2, Hsieh IC2, Wen MS2.Author information 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.2Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.3Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: shihjung@mail.cgu.edu.tw.5Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.AbstractIncomplete endothelialization and neointimal hyperplasia of injured arteries can cause acute and late stent thromboses. This work develops hybrid stent/biodegradable nanofibers for the local and sustained delivery of rosuvastatin to denuded artery walls. Biodegradable nanofibers were firstly prepared by dissolving poly(D,L)-lactide-co-glycolide and rosuvastatin in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol. The solution was then electrospun into nanofibrous tubes, which were mounted onto commercially available bare-metal stents. The in vitro release rates of the pharmaceuticals from the nanofibers were determined using an elution method and a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The experimental results thus obtained suggest that the biodegradable nanofibers released high concentrations of rosuvastatin for four weeks. The effectiveness of the local delivery of rosuvastatin in reducing platelets was studied. The tissue inflammatory reaction caused by the hybrid stents that were used to treat diseased arteries was also documented. The proposed hybrid stent/biodegradable rosuvastatin-loaded nanofibers contributed substantially to the local and sustainable delivery of a high concentration of drugs to promote re-endothelialization, improve endothelial function, reduce inflammatory reaction, and inhibit neointimal formation of the injured artery. The results of this work provide insight into how patients with a high risk of stent restenosis should be treated for accelerating re-endothelialization and inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia.
- Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 May;35(15):4417-27. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.017. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
- Incomplete endothelialization and neointimal hyperplasia of injured arteries can cause acute and late stent thromboses. This work develops hybrid stent/biodegradable nanofibers for the local and sustained delivery of rosuvastatin to denuded artery walls. Biodegradable nanofibers were firstly prepare
- PMID 24582553
- Occupational asthma: an overview.
- Tan J1, Bernstein JA.Author information 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3255 Eden Ave. ML#563, Suite 350, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0563, USA.AbstractOccupational asthma is a form of asthma that is often under-diagnosed and under-reported. Unrecognized occupational asthma can lead to progression of disease and increased morbidity. The medical history is a critical element for establishing a diagnosis of OA. The history should include a detailed assessment of the workplace environment, the work process, changes in symptoms in and away from the workplace, and a review of relevant material safety data sheets that may provide clues regarding exposure(s) and the potential cause(s). Objective testing including spirometry pre- and post-bronchodilators, peak expiratory flow rate monitoring in and out of the workplace, provocation testing (i.e., methacholine challenge) to assess for airway hyperresponsiveness, and, if feasible, specific provocation by experienced personnel in a controlled setting to a suspected inciting agent are necessary for confirming a diagnosis. Skin or serologic testing for specific IgE to aeroallergens to assess the worker's atopic status is useful especially when considering certain forms of OA where atopy is a risk factor. Specialized laboratory testing may be useful for specific OA causes. It is important to correctly make the diagnosis of OA as the impact on the worker's future employment and earning power can be significantly affected.
- Current allergy and asthma reports.Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.2014 May;14(5):431. doi: 10.1007/s11882-014-0431-y.
- Occupational asthma is a form of asthma that is often under-diagnosed and under-reported. Unrecognized occupational asthma can lead to progression of disease and increased morbidity. The medical history is a critical element for establishing a diagnosis of OA. The history should include a detailed a
- PMID 24633615
Japanese Journal
- 血小板減少を伴う自己免疫性疾患 : 自己免疫性血小板減少症,抗リン脂質抗体症候群(<特集>血小板減少症とアフェレシス)
- 草生 真規雄,山路 健,高崎 芳成
- 日本アフェレシス学会雑誌 31(1), 33-40, 2012-02-29
- … Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are the major cause of such thrombocytopenia. …
- NAID 110009327451
- 急速な増大を認めた小細胞型悪性胸膜中皮腫の1例
- 石川 結美子,小林 和幸,船田 泰弘,山本 正嗣,堀 朱矢,新家 治子,畠山 由記久,坂下 明大,小谷 義一,西村 善博,大林 千穂
- 気管支学 : 日本気管支研究会雑誌 33(6), 435-442, 2011-11-25
- 背景.小細胞型中皮腫は悪性胸膜中皮腫の中でも稀な組織型でありその報告は極めて少ない.症例.74歳男性.肝細胞癌治療中の3年前から原因不明の右胸水貯留を指摘されていた.2006年3月胸部CT,局所麻酔下胸腔鏡胸膜生検で精査するも確定診断に至らなかった.同年7月より背部痛と呼吸困難が出現し,再検した胸部CTにて以前は認めなかった胸腔を占拠する巨大腫瘤を認めた.その後,急速に呼吸不全となり同年8月に永眠 …
- NAID 110008896959
Related Links
- ないざいげんいん ... 内在原因(Internal Cause) 【読み方】 ないざいげんいん 【英 語】Internal Cause 内在原因(Internal Cause)とは、貨物固有の性質または瑕疵をいい、保険では填補されません。
- Internal means inside. ... 1. The external causes of underdevelopment. The effects of external factors in underdevelopment are numerous, it depend on the view point of the writer.
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「内因」 |
| 関連記事 | 「cause」「internal」「intern」 |
「内因」
- 英
- internal cause
- 関
- 病因、外因
「cause」
- n.
- 原因。理由。根拠。動機
- 大義、大目的、目標、手技、主張、～運動、(～の)ため(for, of)
- 訴訟(事件)。(訴訟の)申し立て、言い訳。[fig]決定を要すること、論争
- vt.
- ～の原因となる、引き起こす。(人)に(心配などを)与える、もたらす。(人)に～させる(to do)
- She craves control in her interpersonal relationships, often causing them to disintegrate.
「internal」
- adj.
- 内部の、内の、体内の、内的な
「intern」
- n.