WordNet

work as an intern; "The young doctor is interning at the Medical Center this year"
an advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience (`houseman is a British term) (同)interne, houseman, medical intern
deprive of freedom; "During WW II, Japanese were interned in camps in the West"
happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface; "internal organs"; "internal mechanism of a toy"; "internal party maneuvering"
occurring within an institution or community; "intragroup squabbling within the corporation" (同)intragroup
the flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel (同)hemorrhage, haemorrhage

PrepTutorEJDIC

(特に戦時中)〈人・船など〉‘を'強制収容する,抑留する
『内側の』,内部にある / 『国内の』(domestic) / 内からとる,内用の
出血する / 出血;放血

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/28 01:52:01」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Internal bleeding in the brain

Internal bleeding (also called internal hemorrhage) is a loss of blood that occurs from the vascular system into a body cavity or space.^[1] It is a serious medical emergency and the extent of severity depends on bleeding rate and location of the bleeding (e.g. brain, stomach, lungs). It can potentially cause death and cardiac arrest if proper medical treatment is not received quickly.

Causes

A number of medical conditions may lead to internal bleeding. Common causes include trauma, various pathological conditions and complications of medical therapy. Common locations include the gastrointestinal tract, the aorta and intracranial hemorrhage.

Trauma

Internal bleeding can be caused by blunt trauma such as high speed deceleration in an automobile accident, or by penetrating trauma such as a ballistic or stab wound.^[2]

Pathological conditions and disease

A number of pathological conditions and diseases can lead to internal bleeding. These include blood vessel rupture as a result of high blood pressure, aneurysms, esophageal varices or peptic ulcers.^[3] Another common cause of internal bleeding is carcinoma (cancer), either of the gastro-intestinal tract, of the lung, or more rarely of other organs such as the prostate, pancreas or kidney.^[3] Other diseases linked to internal bleeding include scurvy, hepatoma, liver cancer, Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia, ectopic pregnancy, malignant hypothermia, ovarian cysts, Vitamin K Deficiency, and hemophilia and malaria. Some viruses may cause a type of internal bleeding called viral hemorrhagic fever, such as the Ebola, Dengue or Marburg viruses, but these are rare.^[4]

Iatrogenic

Internal bleeding could be an iatrogenic artifact as a result of complications after surgical operations or medical treatment. Some medication effects may also lead to internal bleeding, such as the use of anticoagulant drugs or antiplatelet drugs in the treatment of coronary artery disease.^[5]

Prognosis

Internal bleeding is serious for two reasons:

the excess blood can compress organs and cause their dysfunction (as can occur in hematoma)
when the bleeding does not stop spontaneously, the loss of blood will cause hemorrhagic shock, which can lead to brain damage and death.

If there is pressure, it may lead to death or a brain hemorrhage.

Terminology

Cases of internal bleeding are usually termed as hemorrhage, even though the term is general to all kinds of bleeding. A minor case of internal bleeding results in ecchymosis, or a bruise: blood expands under the skin, causing discoloration.

Notes

^ Taber, Clarence Wilbur; Venes, Donald (2009). Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary. F a Davis Co. p. 1200. ISBN 0-8036-1559-0.
^ Nicholas S. Duncan, Chris Moran, "Initial resuscitation of the trauma victim", Orthopaedics and Trauma, Volume 24, Issue 1, February 2010, Pages 1–8
^ ^a ^b Edward W. Lee, Jeanne M. Laberge, "Differential Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Bleeding", Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2004, Pages 112–122
^ M. Bray, "Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses", Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition) 2009, Pages 339–353
^ Jan Pospisil, Milan Hromadka, Ivo Bernat, Richard Rokyta, "STEMI—The importance of balance between antithrombotic treatment and bleeding risk", Thrombosis , Volume 55, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages e135–e146

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人における外傷の初期マネージメント initial management of trauma in adults
2. 出血性素因を有する成人患者へのアプローチ approach to the adult patient with a bleeding diathesis
3. 原因不明の消化管出血の評価 evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding
4. 妊婦における腟出血の病因および評価の概要 overview of the etiology and evaluation of vaginal bleeding in pregnant women
5. 成人におけるごく少量の直腸からの出血へのアプローチ approach to minimal bright red bleeding per rectum in adults

English Journal

Cerebral microbleeds and macrobleeds: should they influence our recommendations for antithrombotic therapies?

Haley KE, Greenberg SM, Gurol ME.SourceBoston University, Boston, MA, USA, kellen.haley@gmail.com.
Current cardiology reports.Curr Cardiol Rep.2013 Dec;15(12):425. doi: 10.1007/s11886-013-0425-8.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, or macrobleeds) and cerebral microbleeds-smaller foci of hemosiderin deposits commonly detected by magnetic resonance imaging of older adults with or without ICH-are both associated with an increased risk of future ICH. These hemorrhagic pathologies also share risk fac
PMID 24122195

Intracranial aneurysms in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion: management and outcome in 22 cases.

Crobeddu E, D'Urso PI, Meyer FB, Lanzino G.SourceDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Acta neurochirurgica.Acta Neurochir (Wien).2013 Nov;155(11):2001-7. doi: 10.1007/s00701-013-1879-6. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
BACKGROUND: There is little information about clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of patients with intracranial aneurysms and internal carotid artery occlusion. We will describe clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients with coexistent internal carotid artery occlusio
PMID 24043416

Portal venous tumor growth-type of hepatocellular carcinoma without liver parenchyma tumor nodules: a case report.

Saito M, Seo Y, Yano Y, Uehara K, Hara S, Momose K, Hirano H, Yokozaki H, Yoshida M, Azuma T.SourceDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
Annals of hepatology.Ann Hepatol.2013 Nov-Dec;12(6):969-73.
The patient was a 43-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B without history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who was first diagnosed with thrombosis in right portal vein trunk and portal vein branches and ruptured esophageal varices in October 2011. He underwent endoscopic variceal ligation, but ru
PMID 24114829

Japanese Journal

気管支拡張症に合併した縦隔型気管支動脈瘤の1例

星晋,呉家圭祐,佐藤佳奈子,藤本寛樹,松下晴彦
気管支学 : 日本気管支研究会雑誌 36(5), 509-513, 2014-09-25
背景.気管支動脈瘤(bronchial artery aneurysm : BAA)は稀な疾患であり,中でも縦隔型気管支動脈瘤の診断は困難であるが,近年画像診断技術の進歩に伴い報告例が増えてきている.症例. 67歳女性.喀血を主訴に受診し,胸部画像で左下葉に気管支拡張像とその周囲に濃度上昇域を認めた.気管支内視鏡検査で左底幹からの出血を認めたため,気管支拡張領域からの出血を考え,気管支動脈塞栓術( …
NAID 110009863324

ステロイドの先行投与とバルーンカテーテル併用により容易に除去が可能となった気管支異物の1例

辻泰佑,杉本親寿,山本聡美,杜倉紗代子,大町直樹,新井徹,川口知哉,井上義一,林清二
気管支学 : 日本気管支研究会雑誌 36(5), 487-491, 2014-09-25
背景.事前の短期ステロイド投与とバルーンカテーテルの使用により,容易に摘出が可能となった歯冠継続歯の気管支異物の1例を経験したので,報告する.症例. 64歳女性.発熱と倦怠感のため,近医で撮影された胸部X線写真で右下肺野に異物を認めた,胸部CTでは右底幹に異物の陥入を認めた.軟性気管支鏡による異物除去を試みたが,気管支粘膜の浮腫と肉芽の形成が高度で異物が底幹に嵌頓し,容易に出血するため初回の異物摘 …
NAID 110009863320

A nationwide survey on unilateral moyamoya disease in Japan

Hayashi Kentaro,Horie Nobutaka,Izumo Tsuyoshi,Nagata Izumi
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 124, 1-5, 2014-09
… Objective Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique occlusive disease of the bilateral internal carotid arteries; … The MMD types determined by imaging included ischemic type in 64 patients (32.5%), bleeding type in 51 (25.9%), and normal in 82 (41.6%). …
NAID 120005476983